Перевод: со всех языков на все языки

со всех языков на все языки

bring assistance

Толкование Перевод

1 bring

bring [brɪŋ]

amener ⇒ (a), (b), (d), (e) apporter ⇒ (a) provoquer ⇒ (c) rapporter ⇒ (g)

(pt & pp brought [brɔ:t]) transitive verb

(a) (take → animal, person, vehicle) amener; (→ object) apporter; (→ fashion, idea, product) introduire, lancer;

∎ I'll bring the books (across) tomorrow j'apporterai les livres demain;

∎ her father's bringing her home today son père la ramène à la maison aujourd'hui;

∎ what brings you here? qu'est-ce qui vous amène?;

∎ can you bring me a beer, please? vous pouvez m'apporter une bière, s'il vous plaît?;

∎ that brings the total to £350 cela fait 350 livres en tout;

∎ he brought his dog with him il a emmené son chien;

∎ did you bring anything with you? as-tu apporté quelque chose?;

∎ black musicians brought jazz to Europe les musiciens noirs ont introduit le jazz en Europe;

∎ this programme is brought to you by the BBC ce programme est diffusé par la BBC

(b) (into specified state) entraîner, amener;

∎ to bring sth into play faire jouer qch;

∎ to bring sth into question mettre ou remettre qch en question;

∎ to bring sb to his/her senses ramener qn à la raison;

∎ to bring sth to an end or a close or a halt mettre fin à qch;

∎ to bring sth to sb's attention or knowledge or notice attirer l'attention de qn sur qch;

∎ to bring a child into the world mettre un enfant au monde;

∎ to bring sth to light mettre qch en lumière, révéler qch;

∎ to bring sth to mind rappeler qch;

∎ to bring sth onto the market introduire qch sur le marché

(c) (produce) provoquer, causer;

∎ her performance brought wild applause son interprétation a provoqué un tonnerre d'applaudissements;

∎ to bring sth upon sb attirer qch sur qn;

∎ her foolhardiness brought misfortune upon the family son imprudence a attiré le malheur sur la famille;

∎ you've brought it on yourself vous l'avez cherché;

∎ you bring credit to the firm vous faites honneur à la société;

∎ it brings bad/good luck ça porte malheur/bonheur;

∎ he brought a sense of urgency to the project il a fait accélérer le projet;

∎ to bring new hope to sb redonner de l'espoir à qn;

∎ the story brought tears to my eyes l'histoire m'a fait venir les larmes aux yeux;

∎ his speech brought jeers from the audience son discours lui a valu les huées de l'assistance;

∎ money does not always bring happiness l'argent ne fait pas toujours le bonheur;

∎ the winter brought more wind and rain l'hiver a amené encore plus de vent et de pluie;

∎ tourism has brought prosperity to the area le tourisme a enrichi la région;

∎ who knows what the future will bring? qui sait ce que l'avenir nous/lui/ etc réserve?

(d) (force) amener;

∎ she can't bring herself to speak about it elle n'arrive pas à en parler;

∎ her performance brought the audience to its feet les spectateurs se sont levés pour l'applaudir

(e) (lead) mener, amener;

∎ the path brings you straight (out) into the village ce chemin vous mène (tout) droit au village;

∎ the shock brought him to the verge of a breakdown le choc l'a mené au bord de la dépression nerveuse;

∎ to bring sb into a conversation/discussion faire participer qn à une conversation/discussion;

∎ that brings us to the next question cela nous amène à la question suivante

(f) Law

∎ to bring an action or a suit against sb intenter un procès à ou contre qn;

∎ to bring a charge against sb porter une accusation contre qn;

∎ the case was brought before the court l'affaire a été déférée au tribunal;

∎ he was brought before the court il a comparu devant le tribunal;

∎ the murderer must be brought to justice l'assassin doit être traduit en justice;

∎ to bring evidence avancer ou présenter des preuves

(g) (financially) rapporter;

∎ her painting only brings her a few thousand pounds a year ses peintures ne lui rapportent que quelques milliers de livres par an

➲ bring about separable transitive verb

(a) (cause → changes, war) provoquer, amener, entraîner; (→ reconciliation) amener; (→ person's downfall) entraîner; (→ accident) provoquer, causer;

∎ what brought about his dismissal? pourquoi a-t-il été renvoyé exactement?, quel est le motif de son renvoi?

(b) Nautical faire virer de bord

➲ bring along separable transitive verb

(person) amener; (thing) apporter

➲ bring around = bring round

➲ bring away separable transitive verb

(memories, impressions) garder

➲ bring back separable transitive verb

(a) (fetch → person) ramener; (→ thing) rapporter;

∎ no amount of crying will bring him back pleurer ne le ramènera pas à la vie;

∎ Law to bring a case back before the court ressaisir le tribunal d'un dossier

(b) (restore) restaurer;

∎ the news brought a smile back to her face la nouvelle lui a rendu le sourire;

∎ they're bringing back miniskirts ils relancent la minijupe;

∎ to bring sb back to life ranimer qn

(c) (evoke → memory) rappeler (à la mémoire);

∎ that brings it all back to me ça réveille tous mes souvenirs

➲ bring by separable transitive verb

∎ to bring sb by amener qn

➲ bring down separable transitive verb

(a) (fetch → person) amener; (→ thing) descendre, apporter

(b) (reduce → prices, temperature) faire baisser; (→ currency) déprécier, avilir; (→ birthrate, inflation, unemployment, swelling) réduire

(c) (cause to land → kite) ramener (au sol); (→ plane) faire atterrir

(d) (cause to fall → prey) descendre; (→ plane, enemy, tree) abattre;

∎ her performance brought the house down son interprétation lui a valu des applaudissements à tout rompre

(e) Politics (overthrow) faire tomber, renverser

(f) Mathematics (carry) abaisser

(g) familiar (depress) déprimer^□, donner le cafard à

(h) literary (provoke → anger) attirer;

∎ to bring down the wrath of God on sb attirer la colère de Dieu sur qn;

∎ stop making so much noise or you'll bring the headmaster down on us ne fais pas tant de bruit, tu vas attirer l'attention du proviseur sur nous

➲ bring forth separable transitive verb formal

(a) (produce → fruit) produire; (→ child) mettre au monde; (→ animal) mettre bas

(b) (elicit) provoquer

➲ bring forward separable transitive verb

(a) (present → person) faire avancer; (→ argument) avancer, présenter; Law (→ witness) produire; Law (→ evidence) avancer, présenter

(b) (chair etc) avancer

(c) Administration (move → date, meeting) avancer;

∎ the conference has been brought forward to the 28th la conférence a été avancée au 28

(d) Accountancy reporter;

∎ brought forward reporté

➲ bring in separable transitive verb

(a) (fetch in → person) faire entrer; (→ thing) rentrer;

∎ to bring in the harvest rentrer la moisson;

∎ they want to bring a new person in ils veulent prendre quelqu'un d'autre;

∎ we will have to bring in the police il faudra faire intervenir la ou faire appel à la police;

∎ to bring sb in for questioning emmener qn au poste de police pour l'interroger

(b) (introduce → laws, system) introduire, présenter; (→ fashion) lancer;

∎ the government has brought in a new tax bill le gouvernement a présenté ou déposé un nouveau projet de loi fiscal;

∎ can I just bring in a new point? est-ce que je peux faire une autre remarque?

(c) (yield, produce) rapporter;

∎ to bring in interest rapporter des intérêts;

∎ tourism brings in millions of dollars each year le tourisme rapporte des millions de dollars tous les ans;

∎ her work doesn't bring in much money son travail ne lui rapporte pas grand-chose

(d) Law (verdict) rendre;

∎ they brought in a verdict of guilty ils l'ont déclaré coupable

➲ bring off separable transitive verb

(a) British familiar (trick) réussir^□ ; (plan) réaliser^□ ; Commerce (deal) conclure^□, mener à bien^□ ;

∎ did you manage to bring it off? avez-vous réussi votre coup?

(b) Sport (player) faire sortir

(c) (person → from ship) débarquer;

∎ the injured men will be brought off by helicopter les blessés seront évacués en hélicoptère

(d) vulgar (masturbate)

∎ to bring sb off branler qn;

∎ to bring oneself off se branler

➲ bring on separable transitive verb

(a) (induce) provoquer, causer;

∎ the shock brought on a heart attack le choc a provoqué une crise cardiaque;

∎ humorous what brought this on? (why are you offering to help?) qu'est-ce que tu me caches?

(b) (encourage) encourager;

∎ the warm weather has really brought on the flowers la chaleur a bien fait pousser les fleurs;

∎ the idea is to bring on new tennis players il s'agit d'encourager de nouveaux tennismen

(c) Theatre (person) amener sur scène; (thing) apporter sur scène;

∎ please bring on our next contestant faites entrer le concurrent suivant

(d) Sport (substitute) faire entrer

➲ bring out separable transitive verb

(a) (take out → person) faire sortir; (→ thing) sortir

(b) Commerce (commercially → product, style) lancer; (→ record) sortir; (→ book) publier

(c) (accentuate) souligner;

∎ that colour brings out the green in her eyes cette couleur met en valeur le vert de ses yeux;

∎ her performance brought out the character's comic side son interprétation a fait ressortir le côté comique du personnage;

∎ to bring out the best/worst in sb faire apparaître qn sous son meilleur/plus mauvais jour;

∎ humorous it brings out the beast in me cela réveille l'animal qui est en moi

(d) British Medicine (in rash, spots)

∎ strawberries bring me out in spots les fraises me donnent des boutons

(e) (encourage → person) encourager;

∎ he's very good at bringing people out (of themselves) il sait très bien s'y prendre pour mettre les gens à l'aise;

∎ the sun has brought out the roses le soleil a fait s'épanouir les roses

(f) Industry (workers) appeler à la grève;

∎ they're threatening to bring everyone out (on strike) ils menacent d'appeler tout le monde à faire grève

(g) Stock Exchange (shares) émettre;

∎ to bring out new shares émettre de nouvelles actions

➲ bring over separable transitive verb

(take → person) amener; (→ thing) apporter

➲ bring round separable transitive verb

(a) (take → person) amener; (→ thing) apporter;

∎ British figurative I brought the conversation round to marriage j'ai amené la conversation sur le mariage

(b) (revive) ranimer

(c) (persuade) convaincre, convertir;

∎ to bring sb round to a point of view convertir ou amener qn à un point de vue

➲ bring through separable transitive verb

∎ he brought the country through the depression il a réussi à faire sortir le pays de la dépression;

∎ the doctors brought me through my illness grâce aux médecins, j'ai survécu à ma maladie

➲ bring to separable transitive verb

(a) (revive) ranimer

(b) Nautical mettre en panne

➲ bring together separable transitive verb

(a) (people) réunir; (facts) rassembler

(b) (introduce) mettre en contact, faire se rencontrer;

∎ her brother brought them together son frère les a fait se rencontrer

(c) (reconcile) réconcilier;

∎ Industry an arbitrator is trying to bring the two sides together un médiateur essaie de réconcilier les deux parties

➲ bring up separable transitive verb

(a) (take → person) amener; (→ thing) monter

(b) (child) élever;

∎ to be well/badly brought up être bien/mal élevé;

∎ I was brought up to be polite on m'a appris la politesse

(c) (mention → fact, problem) signaler, mentionner; (→ question) soulever;

∎ don't bring that up again ne remettez pas cela sur le tapis;

∎ we won't bring it up again nous n'en reparlerons plus

(d) (vomit) vomir, rendre

(e) Law

∎ to bring sb up before a judge citer ou faire comparaître qn devant un juge

(f) (move forward → troops) faire avancer; (→ reinforcements, fresh supplies etc) faire venir

(g) (raise)

∎ to bring sb/sth up to professional standard élever qn/qch à un niveau professionnel

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > bring
2 fero

fĕro, tuli, latum, ferre (ante-class. redupl. form in the tempp. perff.:
tetuli,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 84; 168; id. Men. 4, 2, 25; 66; id. Rud. prol. 68: tetulisti, Att. and Caecil. ap. Non. 178, 17 sq.:
tetulit,
Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 40; id. Men. 2, 3, 30; Ter. And. 5, 1, 13:
tetulerunt,
Lucr. 6, § 672:
tetulissem,
Ter. And. 4, 5, 13:
tetulisse,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 1, 2:
tetulero,
id. Cist. 3, 19:
tetulerit,
id. Poen. 3, 1, 58; id. Rud. 4, 3, 101), v. a. and n. [a wide-spread root; Sanscr. bhar-, carry, bharas, burden; Gr. pherô; Goth. bar, bairo, bear, produce, whence barn, child; Anglo-Saxon beran, whence Engl. bear, birth; cf. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 300; Fick, Vergl. Wort. p. 135. The perf. forms, tuli, etc., from the root tul-, tol-; Sanscr. tol-jami, lift, weigh; Gr. tlênai, endure, cf. talas, talanton; Lat. tollo, tolerare, (t)latus, etc. Cf. Goth. thulan, Germ. dulden, Geduld; Anglo-Sax. tholian, suffer. Supine latum, i. e. tlatum; cf. supra; v. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 220; Corss. Ausspr. 2, 73], to bear, carry, bring. (For syn. cf.: gero, porto, bajulo, veho; effero, infero; tolero, patior, sino, permitto, etc.)
I.
Lit.
A.
In gen.:
ferri proprie dicimus, quae quis suo corpore bajulat, portari ea, quae quis in jumento secum ducit, agi ea, quae animalia sunt,
Dig. 50, 16, 235: oneris quidvis feret, Ter. Ph. 3, 3, 29:
quin te in fundo conspicer fodere aut arare aut aliquid ferre,
id. Heaut. 1, 1, 17:
numerus eorum, qui arma ferre possent,
Caes. B. G. 1, 29, 1:
arma et vallum,
Hor. Epod. 9, 13:
sacra Junonis,
id. S. 1, 3, 11:
cadaver nudis humeris (heres),
id. ib. 2, 5, 86:
argentum ad aliquem,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 142; cf.:
symbolum filio,
id. Bacch. 2, 3, 30:
olera et pisciculos minutos ferre obolo in cenam seni,
Ter. And. 2, 2, 32; cf.:
vina et unguenta et flores,
Hor. C. 2, 3, 14:
discerpta ferentes Memora gruis,
id. S. 2, 8, 86; cf.:
talos, nucesque sinu laxo,
id. ib. 2, 3, 172:
in Capitolium faces,
Cic. Lael. 11, 37:
iste operta lectica latus per oppidum est ut mortuus,
id. Phil. 2, 41, 106:
lectica in Capitolium latus est,
Suet. Claud. 2:
circa judices latus (puer),
Quint. 6, 1, 47:
prae se ferens (in essedo) Darium puerum,
Suet. Calig. 19.— Poet. with inf.:
natum ad Stygios iterum fero mergere fontes,
Stat. Ach. 1, 134.—Prov.:
ferre aliquem in oculis, or simply oculis,
i. e. to hold dear, love exceedingly, Cic. Phil. 6, 4, 11; id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3, § 9; Q. Cic. Fam. 16, 27, 2.—
B.
In partic.
1.
With the idea of motion predominating, to set in motion, esp. to move onward quickly or rapidly, to bear, lead, conduct, or drive away; with se or mid. (so esp. freq.), to move or go swiftly, to haste, speed, betake one's self; and of things, to flow, mount, run down.
(α).
Act.:
ubi in rapidas amnis dispeximus undas: Stantis equi corpus transvorsum ferre videtur Vis, et in advorsum flumen contrudere raptim: Et, quocumque oculos trajecimus, omnia ferri Et fluere assimili nobis ratione videntur,
Lucr. 4, 422 sq.:
ubi cernimus alta Exhalare vapore altaria, ferreque fumum,
to send up, id. 3, 432; cf.:
vis ut vomat ignes, Ad caelumque ferat flammai fulgura rursum,
id. 1, 725; and:
caelo supinas si tuleris manus,
raisest, Hor. C. 3, 23, 1:
te rursus in bellum resorbens Unda fretis tulit aestuosis,
id. ib. 2, 7, 16; cf.:
ire, pedes quocumque ferent,
id. Epod. 16, 21; and:
me per Aegaeos tumultus Aura feret,
id. C. 3, 29, 64:
signa ferre,
to put the standards in motion, to break up, Caes. B. G. 1, 39 fin.; 1, 40, 12; Liv. 10, 5, 1 al.:
pol, si id scissem, numquam huc tetulissem pedem,
have stirred foot, have come, Ter. And. 4, 5, 13:
pedem,
Verg. A. 2, 756; Val. Fl. 7, 112:
gressum,
to walk, Lucr. 4, 681; cf.:
agiles gressus,
Sil. 3, 180:
vagos gradus,
Ov. M. 7, 185:
vestigia,
Sil. 9, 101:
vagos cursus,
id. 9, 243.— Absol.:
quo ventus ferebat,
bore, drove, Caes. B. G. 3, 15, 3:
interim, si feret flatus, danda sunt vela,
Quint. 10, 3, 7:
itinera duo, quae extra murum ad portum ferebant,
led, Caes. B. C. 1, 27, 4:
pergit ad speluncam, si forte eo vestigia ferrent,
Liv. 1, 7, 6.—Prov.:
in silvam ligna ferre,
to carry coals to Newcastle, Hor. S. 1, 10, 34.—
(β).
With se or mid., to move or go swiftly, to hasten, rush:
cum ipsa paene insula mihi sese obviam ferre vellet,
to meet, Cic. Planc. 40, 96; cf.:
non dubitaverim me gravissimis tempestatibus obvium ferre,
id. Rep. 1, 4:
hinc ferro accingor rursus... meque extra tecta ferebam,
Verg. A. 2, 672; 11, 779:
grassatorum plurimi palam se ferebant,
Suet. Aug. 32.—Of things as subjects:
ubi forte ita se tetulerunt semina aquarum,
i. e. have collected themselves, Lucr. 6, 672.—Mid.:
ad eum omni celeritate et studio incitatus ferebatur,
proceeded, Caes. B. C. 3, 78, 2:
alii aliam in partem perterriti ferebantur,
betook themselves, fled, id. B. G. 2, 24, 3:
(fera) supra venabula fertur,
rushes, springs, Verg. A. 9, 553:
huc juvenis nota fertur regione viarum,
proceeds, id. ib. 11, 530:
densos fertur moribundus in hostes,
rushes, id. ib. 2, 511:
quocumque feremur, danda vela sunt,
Cic. Or. 23, 75; cf.:
non alto semper feremur,
Quint. 12, 10, 37:
ego, utrum Nave ferar magna an parva, ferar unus et idem,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 200:
non tenui ferar Penna biformis per liquidum aethera Vates,
fly, id. C. 2, 20, 1.—Of inanimate subjects:
(corpuscula rerum) ubi tam volucri levitate ferantur,
move, Lucr. 4, 195; cf.:
quae cum mobiliter summa levitate feruntur,
id. 4, 745; cf.:
tellus neque movetur et infima est, et in eam feruntur omnia nutu suo pondera,
Cic. Rep. 6, 17 fin.:
Rhenus longo spatio per fines Nantuatium, etc.... citatus fertur,
flows, Caes. B. G. 4, 10, 3; cf. Hirt. B. [p. 738] G. 8, 40, 3:
ut (flamma) ad caelum usque ferretur,
ascended, arose, Suet. Aug. 94.—
Rarely ferre = se ferre: quem procul conspiciens ad se ferentem pertimescit,
Nep. Dat. 4 fin. —
2.
To carry off, take away by force, as a robber, etc.: to plunder, spoil, ravage:
alii rapiunt incensa feruntque Pergama,
Verg. A. 2, 374:
postquam te (i. e. exstinctum Daphnin) fata tulerunt,
snatched away, id. E. 5, 34. So esp. in the phrase ferre et agere, of taking booty, plundering, where ferre applies to portable things, and agere to men and cattle; v. ago.—
3.
To bear, produce, yield:
plurima tum tellus etiam majora ferebat, etc.,
Lucr. 5, 942 sq.; cf.:
quae autem terra fruges ferre, et, ut mater, cibos suppeditare possit,
Cic. Leg. 2, 27, 67:
quem (florem) ferunt terrae solutae,
Hor. C. 1, 4, 10:
quibus jugera fruges et Cererem ferunt,
id. ib. 3, 24, 13:
angulus iste feret piper et thus,
id. Ep. 1, 14, 23:
(olea) fructum ramis pluribus feret,
Quint. 8, 3, 10.— Absol.:
ferundo arbor peribit,
Cato, R. R. 6, 2.—
4.
Of a woman or sheanimal, to bear offspring, be pregnant:
ignorans nurum ventrem ferre,
Liv. 1, 34, 3;
of animals: equa ventrem fert duodecim menses, vacca decem, ovis et capra quinque, sus quatuor,
Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 19; cf.:
cervi octonis mensibus ferunt partus,
Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 112:
nec te conceptam saeva leaena tulit,
Tib. 3, 4, 90.— Poet.:
quem tulerat mater claro Phoenissa Laconi,
i. e. had borne, Sil. 7, 666.—
5.
To offer as an oblation:
liba et Mopsopio dulcia melle feram,
Tib. 1, 7, 54; so,
liba,
id. 1, 10, 23:
lancesque et liba Baccho,
Verg. G. 2, 394:
tura superis, altaribus,
Ov. M. 11, 577.—
6.
To get, receive, acquire, obtain, as gain, a reward, a possession, etc.:
quod posces, feres,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 106; cf.: quodvis donum et praemium a me optato;
id optatum feres,
Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 27:
fructus ex sese (i. e. re publica) magna acerbitate permixtos tulissem,
Cic. Planc. 38, 92:
partem praedae,
id. Rosc. Am. 37, 107:
ille crucem pretium sceleris tulit, hic diadema,
Juv. 13, 105:
coram rege sua de paupertate tacentes Plus poscente ferent,
Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 44.
II.
Trop.
A.
In gen., to bear, carry, bring:
satis haec tellus morbi caelumque mali fert,
bears, contains, Lucr. 6, 663;
veterrima quaeque, ut ea vina, quae vetustatem ferunt, esse debent suavissima,
which carry age, are old, Cic. Lael. 19, 67:
scripta vetustatem si modo nostra ferent,
will have, will attain to, Ov. Tr. 5, 9, 8:
nomen alicujus,
to bear, have, Cic. Off. 3, 18, 74; cf.:
insani sapiens nomen ferat, aequus iniqui,
Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 15:
nomen,
Suet. Aug. 101; id. Calig. 47:
cognomen,
id. Aug. 43; id. Galb. 3; cf.:
ille finis Appio alienae personae ferendae fuit,
of bearing an assumed character, Liv. 3, 36, 1:
Archimimus personam ejus ferens,
personating, Suet. Vesp. 19; cf.
also: (Garyophyllon) fert et in spinis piperis similitudinem,
Plin. 12, 7, 15, § 30: fer mi auxilium, bring assistance, aid, help, Enn. ap. Cic. Ac. 2, 28, 29 (Trag. v. 50 ed. Vahl.); cf.:
alicui opem auxiliumque ferre,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 3, § 9:
auxilium alicui,
Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 5; Ter. And. 1, 1, 115; Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 19; Caes. B. G. 1, 13, 5; 4, 12, 5; Hor. Epod. 1, 21 et saep.: opem, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 31, 66 (Trag. v. 86 ed. Vahl.):
opem alicui,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 3, 23; Ter. And. 3, 1, 15; id. Ad. 3, 4, 41; Cic. Rab. Perd. 1, 3 (with succurrere saluti); id. Fin. 2, 35, 118 (with salutem); id. Fam. 5, 4, 2:
subsidium alicui,
Caes. B. G. 2, 26, 2:
condicionem,
to proffer, id. ib. 4, 11, 3; cf. Cic. Rosc. Am. 11, 30:
Coriolanus ab sede sua cum ferret matri obviae complexum,
offered, Liv. 2, 40, 5:
si qua fidem tanto est operi latura vetustas,
will bring, procure, Verg. A. 10, 792:
ea vox audita laborum Prima tulit finem,
id. ib. 7, 118: suspicionem falsam, to entertain suspicion, Enn. ap. Non. 511, 5 (Trag. v. 348 ed. Vahl.).—
B.
In partic.
1.
(Acc. to I. B. 1.) To move, to bring, lead, conduct, drive, raise:
quem tulit ad scenam ventoso gloria curru,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 177; so,
animi quaedam ingenita natura... recta nos ad ea, quae conveniunt causae, ferant,
Quint. 5, 10, 123; cf. absol.:
nisi illud, quod eo, quo intendas, ferat deducatque, cognoris,
Cic. de Or. 1, 30, 135:
exstincti ad caelum gloria fertur,
Lucr. 6, 8; cf.:
laudibus aliquem in caelum ferre,
to extol, praise, Cic. Fam. 10, 26, 2; cf. id. Rep. 1, 43; Quint. 10, 1, 99; Suet. Otho, 12; id. Vesp. 6:
eam pugnam miris laudibus,
Liv. 7, 10, 14; cf.:
saepe rem dicendo subiciet oculis: saepe supra feret quam fieri possit,
wilt exalt, magnify, Cic. Or. 40, 139:
ferte sermonibus et multiplicate fama bella,
Liv. 4, 5, 6:
ferre in majus vero incertas res fama solet,
id. 21, 32, 7:
crudelitate et scelere ferri,
to be impelled, carried away, Cic. Clu. 70, 199:
praeceps amentia ferebare,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 46, § 121; cf.:
ferri avaritia,
id. Quint. 11, 38:
orator suo jam impetu fertur,
Quint. 12 praef. §
3: eloquentia, quae cursu magno sonituque ferretur,
Cic. Or. 28, 97; cf.:
(eloquentia) feratur non semitis sed campis,
Quint. 5, 14, 31:
oratio, quae ferri debet ac fluere,
id. 9, 4, 112; cf.:
quae (historia) currere debet ac ferri,
id. 9, 4, 18; so often: animus fert (aliquem aliquo), the mind moves one to any thing:
quo cujusque animus fert, eo discedunt,
Sall. J. 54, 4; cf.:
milites procurrentes consistentesque, quo loco ipsorum tulisset animus,
Liv. 25, 21, 5; and:
qua quemque animus fert, effugite superbiam regiam,
id. 40, 4, 14:
si maxime animus ferat,
Sall. C. 58, 6; cf. Ov. M. 1, 775.—With an object-clause, the mind moves one to do any thing, Ov. M. 1, 1; Luc. 1, 67; Suet. Otho, 6; cf.
also: mens tulit nos ferro exscindere Thebas,
Stat. Th. 4, 753.—
2.
(Acc. to I. B. 2.) To carry off, take away:
omnia fert aetas, animum quoque,
Verg. E. 9, 51:
postquam te fata tulerunt,
id. ib. 5, 34:
invida Domitium fata tulere sibi,
Anthol. Lat. 4, 123, 8;
like efferre,
to carry forth to burial, Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 89.—
3.
(Acc. to I. B. 3.) To bear, bring forth, produce:
haec aetas prima Athenis oratorem prope perfectum tulit,
Cic. Brut. 12, 45:
aetas parentum, pejor avis, tulit Nos nequiores,
Hor. C. 3, 6, 46:
Curium tulit et Camillum Saeva paupertas,
id. ib. 1, 12, 42.—
4.
(Acc. to I. B. 6.) To bear away, to get, obtain, receive:
Cotta et Sulpicius omnium judicio facile primas tulerunt,
Cic. Brut. 49, 183:
palmam,
to carry off, win, id. Att. 4, 15, 6:
victoriam ex inermi,
to gain, Liv. 39, 51, 10; 2, 50, 2; 8, 8, 18:
gratiam et gloriam annonae levatae,
id. 4, 12, 8:
maximam laudem inter suos,
Caes. B. G. 6, 21, 4:
centuriam, tribus,
i. e. to get their votes, Cic. Planc. 20, 49; 22, 53; id. Phil. 2, 2, 4:
suffragia,
Suet. Caes. 13 (diff. from 8. a.):
responsum ab aliquo,
to receive, Cic. Cat. 1, 8, 19; Caes. B. G. 6, 4 fin.:
repulsam a populo,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 19, 54:
repulsam,
id. de Or. 2, 69 fin.; id. Phil. 11, 8, 19; id. Att. 5, 19 al.: calumniam, i. e. to be convicted of a false accusation, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 1:
ita ut filius partem dimidiam hereditatis ferat,
Gai. Inst. 3, 8:
singulas portiones,
id. ib. 3, 16; 61.—
5.
To bear, support any thing unpleasant; or pregn., to suffer, tolerate, endure.
a.
To bear in any manner.
(α).
With acc.: servi injurias nimias aegre ferunt, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17:
(onus senectutis) modice ac sapienter sicut omnia ferre,
Cic. de Sen. 1, 2:
aegre ferre repulsam consulatus,
id. Tusc. 4, 17, 40:
hoc moderatiore animo ferre,
id. Fam. 6, 1, 6:
aliquid toleranter,
id. ib. 4, 6, 2:
clementer,
id. Att. 6, 1, 3:
quod eo magis ferre animo aequo videmur, quia, etc.,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 48, § 126:
ut tu fortunam, sic nos te, Celse, feremus,
Hor. Ep. 1, 8, 17.—
(β).
With an object-clause:
ut si quis aegre ferat, se pauperem esse,
take it ill, Cic. Tusc. 4, 27, 59:
hoc ereptum esse, graviter et acerbe ferre,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 152:
quomodo ferant veterani, exercitum Brutum habere,
id. Phil. 10, 7, 15.—
(γ).
With de:
de Lentulo scilicet sic fero, ut debeo,
Cic. Att. 4, 6, 1:
quomodo Caesar ferret de auctoritate perscripta,
id. ib. 5, 2, 3:
numquid moleste fers de illo, qui? etc.,
id. ib. 6, 8, 3.—
(δ).
Absol.:
sin aliter acciderit, humaniter feremus,
Cic. Att. 1, 2, 1:
si mihi imposuisset aliquid, animo iniquo tulissem,
id. ib. 15, 26, 4.—
b.
Pregn., to bear or put up with, to suffer, tolerate, endure, sustain, resist.
(α).
With acc.: quis hanc contumeliam, quis hoc imperium, quis hanc servitutem ferre potest? Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17:
qui potentissimorum hominum contumaciam numquam tulerim, ferrem hujus asseclae?
Cic. Att. 6, 3, 6:
cujus desiderium civitas ferre diutius non potest,
id. Phil. 10, 10, 21:
cogitandi non ferebat laborem,
id. Brut. 77, 268:
unum impetum nostrorum,
Caes. B. G. 3, 19, 3:
vultum atque aciem oculorum,
id. ib. 1, 39, 1:
cohortatio gravior quam aures Sulpicii ferre didicissent,
to hear unmoved, Cic. Phil. 9, 4, 9:
vultum,
Hor. S. 1, 6, 121:
multa tulit fecitque puer, sudavit et alsit,
id. A. P. 413:
spectatoris fastidia,
id. Ep. 2, 1, 215:
fuisse (Epaminondam) patientem suorumque injurias ferentem civium,
Nep. Epam. 7.—Of personal objects:
quem ferret, si parentem non ferret suum?
brook, Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 28:
optimates quis ferat, qui, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 33:
vereor, ut jam nos ferat quisquam,
Quint. 8, 3, 25:
an laturi sint Romani talem regem,
id. 7, 1, 24:
quis enim ferat puerum aut adolescentulum, si, etc.,
id. 8, 5, 8.—
(β).
With an object-clause:
ferunt aures hominum, illa... laudari,
Cic. de Or. 2, 84, 344:
non feret assiduas potiori te dare noctes,
Hor. Epod. 15, 13; Ov. M. 2, 628:
illa quidem in hoc opere praecipi quis ferat?
Quint. 11, 3, 27; 11, 1, 69:
servo nubere nympha tuli,
Ov. H. 5, 12; cf.:
alios vinci potuisse ferendum est,
id. M. 12, 555. —
(γ).
With quod:
quod rapta, feremus, dummodo reddat eam,
Ov. M. 5, 520:
illud non ferendum, quod, etc.,
Quint. 11, 3, 131. —
6.
With the access, notion of publicity, to make public, to disclose, show, exhibit:
eum ipsum dolorem hic tulit paulo apertius,
Cic. Planc. 14, 34; cf.:
laetitiam apertissime tulimus omnes,
id. Att. 14, 13, 2:
neque id obscure ferebat nec dissimulare ullo modo poterat,
id. Clu. 19, 54:
haud clam tulit iram adversus praetorem,
Liv. 31, 47, 4; cf.:
tacite ejus verecundiam non tulit senatus, quin, etc.,
id. 5, 28, 1.—
b.
Prae se ferre, to show, manifest, to let be seen, to declare:
cujus rei tantae facultatem consecutum esse me, non profiteor: secutum me esse, prae me fero,
Cic. N. D. 1, 5, 12:
noli, quaeso, prae te ferre, vos plane expertes esse doctrinae,
id. ib. 2, 18, 47:
non mediocres terrores... prae se fert et ostentat,
id. Att. 2, 23, 3:
hanc virtutem prae se ferunt,
Quint. 2, 13, 11:
liberalium disciplinarum prae se scientiam tulit,
id. 12, 11, 21:
magnum animum (verba),
id. 11, 1, 37.—Of inanim. and abstr. subjects:
(comae) turbatae prae se ferre aliquid affectus videntur,
Quint. 11, 3, 148:
oratio prae se fert felicissimam facilitatem,
id. 10, 1, 11.—
7.
Of speech, to report, relate, make known, assert, celebrate:
haec omnibus ferebat sermonibus,
Caes. B. C. 2, 17, 2:
alii alia sermonibus ferebant Romanos facturos,
Liv. 33, 32, 3:
ferte sermonibus et multiplicate fama bella,
id. 4, 5, 6:
patres ita fama ferebant, quod, etc.,
id. 23, 31, 13; cf. with acc.:
hascine propter res maledicas famas ferunt,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 149:
famam,
id. Pers. 3, 1, 23:
fama eadem tulit,
Tac. A. 1, 5; cf. id. ib. 15, 60:
nec aliud per illos dies populus credulitate, prudentes diversa fama, tulere,
talk about, id. ib. 16, 2:
inimici famam non ita, ut nata est, ferunt,
Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 23:
quod fers, cedo,
tell, say, Ter. Ph. 5, 6, 17:
nostra (laus) semper feretur et praedicabitur, etc.,
Cic. Arch. 9, 21.—With an object-clause:
cum ipse... acturum se id per populum aperte ferret,
Liv. 28, 40, 2; id. ib. §
1: saepe homines morbos magis esse timendos ferunt quam Tartara leti,
Lucr. 3, 42:
Prognen ita velle ferebat,
Ov. M. 6, 470; 14, 527:
ipsi territos se ferebant,
Tac. H. 4, 78; id. A. 4, 58; 6, 26 (32); cf.:
mihi fama tulit fessum te caede procubuisse, etc.,
Verg. A. 6, 503:
commentarii ad senatum missi ferebant, Macronem praesedisse, etc.,
Tac. A. 6, 47 (53).—
b.
Ferunt, fertur, feruntur, etc., they relate, tell, say; it is said, it appears, etc.—With inf.:
quin etiam Xenocratem ferunt, cum quaereretur ex eo, etc... respondisse, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 2:
fuisse quendam ferunt Demaratum, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 19:
quem ex Hyperboreis Delphos ferunt advenisse,
id. N. D. 3, 23, 57; Hor. C. 3, 17, 2:
homo omnium in dicendo, ut ferebant, accrrimus et copiosissimus,
Cic. de Or. 1, 11, 45:
Ceres fertur fruges... mortalibus instituisse,
Lucr. 5, 14:
in Syria quoque fertur item locus esse, etc.,
id. 6, 755:
is Amulium regem interemisse fertur,
Cic. Rep. 2, 3:
qui in contione dixisse fertur,
id. ib. 2, 10 fin.:
quam (urbem) Juno fertur terris omnibus unam coluisse,
Verg. A. 1, 15:
non sat idoneus Pugnae ferebaris,
you were accounted, held, Hor. C. 2, 19, 27:
si ornate locutus est, sicut fertur et mihi videtur,
Cic. de Or. 1, 11, 49; cf.: cum quaestor ex Macedonia venissem Athenas florente [p. 739] Academia, ut temporibus illis ferebatur, id. ib. § 45.—
c.
To give out, to pass off a person or thing by any name or for any thing; and, in the pass., to pass for any thing, to pass current:
hunc (Mercurium) omnium inventorem artium ferunt,
Caes. B. G. 6, 17, 1:
ut Servium conditorem posteri fama ferrent,
Liv. 1, 42, 4:
qui se Philippum regiaeque stirpis ferebat, cum esset ultimae,
set himself up for, boast, Vell. 1, 11, 1:
avum M. Antonium, avunculum Augustum ferens,
boasting of, Tac. A. 2, 43; cf.:
qui ingenuum se et Lachetem mutato nomine coeperat ferre,
Suet. Vesp. 23:
ante Periclem, cujus scripta quaedam feruntur,
Cic. Brut. 7, 27 (quoted paraphrastically, Quint. 3, 1, 12): sub nomine meo libri ferebantur artis rhetoricae, Quint. prooem. 7; cf.:
cetera, quae sub nomine meo feruntur,
id. 7, 2, 24; Suet. Caes. 55; id. Aug. 31; id. Caes. 20:
multa ejus (Catonis) vel provisa prudenter vel acta constanter vel responsa acute ferebantur,
Cic. Lael. 2, 6:
qua ex re in pueritia nobilis inter aequales ferebatur,
Nep. Att. 1, 3.—
8.
Polit. and jurid. t. t.
a.
Suffragium or sententiam, to give in one's vote, to vote, Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 1; cf.:
ferunt suffragia,
Cic. Rep. 1, 31; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7:
de quo foedere populus Romanus sententiam non tulit,
id. Balb. 15, 34; cf.:
de quo vos (judices) sententiam per tabellam feretis,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 47, § 104;
so of the voting of judges,
id. Clu. 26, 72;
of senators: parcite, ut sit qui in senatu de bello et pace sententiam ferat,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 31, § 76; cf. id. Fam. 11, 21, 2.—
b.
Legem (privilegium, rogationem) ad populum, or absol., to bring forward or move a proposition, to propose a law, etc.:
perniciose Philippus in tribunatu, cum legem agrariam ferret, etc.,
Cic. Off. 2, 21, 73; cf. id. Sull. 23, 65:
quae lex paucis his annis lata esset,
id. Corn. 1, 3 (vol. xi. p. 10 B. and K.):
familiarissimus tuus de te privilegium tulit, ut, etc.,
id. Par. 4, 32:
Sullam illam rogationem de se nolle ferri (shortly before: Lex ferri coepta),
id. Sull. 23, 65:
rogationem de aliquo, contra or in aliquem, ad populum, ad plebem,
id. Balb. 14, 33; id. Clu. 51, 140; id. Brut. 23, 89; Caes. B. C. 3, 1, 4; Liv. 33, 25, 7:
nescis, te ipsum ad populum tulisse, ut, etc.,
proposed a bill, Cic. Phil. 2, 43, 100:
ut P. Scaevola tribunus plebis ferret ad plebem, vellentne, etc.,
id. Fin. 2, 16, 54; cf. Liv. 33, 25, 6:
quod Sulla ipse ita tulit de civitate, ut, etc.,
Cic. Caecin. 35, 102:
nihil de judicio ferebat,
id. Sull. 22, 63:
cum, ut absentis ratio haberetur, ferebamus,
id. Att. 7, 6, 2.— Impers.:
lato ut solet ad populum, ut equum escendere liceret,
Liv. 23, 14, 2. —
c.
Judicem, said of the plaintiff, to offer or propose to the defendant as judge:
quem ego si ferrem judicem, refugere non deberet,
Cic. Rosc. Com. 15, 45; id. de Or. 2, 70, 285.—Hence, judicem alicui, in gen., to propose a judge to, i. e. to bring a suit against, to sue a person:
se iterum ac saepius judicem illi ferre,
Liv. 3, 57, 5; 3, 24, 5; 8, 33, 8.—
9.
Mercant. t. t., to enter, to set or note down a sum in a book:
quod minus Dolabella Verri acceptum rettulit, quam Verres illi expensum tulerit, etc.,
i. e. has set down as paid, has paid, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 39, § 100 sq., v. expendo.—
10.
Absol., of abstr. subjects, to require, demand, render necessary; to allow, permit, suffer:
ita sui periculi rationes ferre ac postulare,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 40, § 105; cf.:
gravioribus verbis uti, quam natura fert,
id. Quint. 18, 57: quid ferat Fors, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. 203 ed. Vahl.):
quamdiu voluntas Apronii tulit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 23, § 57:
ut aetas illa fert,
as is usual at that time of life, id. Clu. 60, 168:
ad me, ut tempora nostra, non ut amor tuus fert, vere perscribe,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 4, 5:
quod ita existimabam tempora rei publicae ferre,
id. Pis. 2, 5:
si ita commodum vestrum fert,
id. Agr. 2, 28, 77:
prout Thermitani hominis facultates ferebant,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 34, § 83:
si vestra voluntas feret,
if such be your pleasure, id. de Imp. Pomp. 24, 70:
ut opinio et spes et conjectura nostra fert,
according to our opinion, hope, and belief, id. Att. 2, 25, 2:
ut mea fert opinio,
according to my opinion, id. Clu. 16, 46: si occasio tulerit, if occasion require, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21, 6:
dum tempus ad eam rem tulit, sivi, animum ut expleret suum,
Ter. And. 1, 2, 17: in hac ratione quid res, quid causa, quid tempus ferat, tu perspicies, Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 6:
natura fert, ut extrema ex altera parte graviter, ex altera autem acute sonent,
id. Rep. 6, 18.— Impers.:
sociam se cujuscumque fortunae, et, si ita ferret, comitem exitii promittebat (sc. res or fortuna),
Tac. A. 3, 15; so,
si ita ferret,
id. H. 2, 44.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > fero
3 auxilia

auxĭlĭum, ii, n. [augeo], help, aid, assistance, support, succor (syn.: adjumentum, opes, praesidium, subsidium).
I.
In gen.: Fer mi auxilium, Enn. ap. Cic. Ac. 2, 28, 89: quo praesidio fretus, auxiliis quibus? Pac. ap. Non. p. 262, 32:
auxilium argentarium,
Plaut. Ps. 1,1, 103; id. Ep. 1, 2, 14:
non habeo ad auxilium copiam,
Ter. And. 2, 1, 20:
navita indigus omni vitali auxilio,
Lucr. 5, 224:
venerunt ad auxilium,
Vulg. Jud. 5, 23; ib. Isa. 10, 3 al.—Hence the phrases:
auxilium esse alicui,
to assist one, Plaut. Curc. 2, 2, 17; and more freq.: auxilio esse alicui, Enn. ap. Non. p. 111, 16; Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 18; 5, 4, 107; Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 39; Nep. Milt. 5, 1; id. Att. 11, 1; Hor. S. 1, 4, 141; Ov. M. 12, 90 al.:
auxilium ferre alicui,
to bring assistance, to aid, succor, Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 5; Ter. And. 1, 1, 115; id. Ad. 2, 1, 1; Lucr. 3, 1064; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 3;
(contra aliquem),
id. Cat. 2, 9, 19; Caes. B. G. 1, 13; Hor. Epod. 1, 21; Ov. M. 2, 580; 4, 693; 13, 71; Vulg. Jud. 20, 14; ib. Job, 30, 13 al.;
once adferre,
Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 2:
dare,
Verg. A. 2, 691; Vulg. Psa. 59, 13; 107, 13:
praebere,
ib. Jud. 12, 2; ib. 1 Par. 12, 21:
auxilium sibi adjungere,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 40, 116:
expetere,
Ter. And. 2, 1, 19 sq.:
unde auxilium petam?
id. Phorm. 5, 1, 2:
petere ab aliquo,
Cic. Or. 41, 141; Ov. M. 7, 507; 5, 178; 14, 461; Vulg. 1 Esdr. 8, 22; ib. Judith, 6, 21 et saep.—In plur.:
cum (mare) tumet, auxiliis adsidet ille (navita) suis,
Ov. A. A. 3, 260:
auxilia portare,
Sall. C. 6, 5 Kritz:
magna duo auxilia,
sources of aid, Liv. 31, 33, 3:
ne auxilia liberorum innocentibus deessent,
Quint. 7, 1, 56 et saep.— Meton. (abstr. for concr.), a place of succor, refuge (eccl. Lat.):
sex (oppida) erunt in fugitivorum auxilia separata,
Vulg. Num. 35, 6. —
II.
Esp.
A.
In milit. lang. very freq., and commonly in plur.: auxĭlĭa, ōrum, auxiliary troops, auxiliaries (mostly composed of allies and light-armed troops;
hence opp. to the legions): auxilium appellatum ab auctu, cum accesserant ei qui adjumento essent alienigenae,
Varr. L L. 5, § 90 Müll.; Veg. 2, 2; cf.
auxiliares, and Smith, Dict. Antiq.: quibus (copiis) rex Deiotarus imperatoribus nostris auxilia mitteret,
Cic. Deiot. 8, 22; so Sall. J 7, 2; Liv. 5, 5, 8 al.:
auxiliis in mediam aciem conjectis,
Caes. B. G. 3, 24; so,
dimittere,
Sall. J. 8, 2:
ab sociis et nomine Latino accersere,
id. ib. 39, 2; cf. id. ib. 84, 2:
facere mercede,
Tac. A. 6, 33; Vulg. 1 Macc. 9, 52; ib. 2 Macc. 8, 15 et saep.—Opp to the legions:
sex legiones et magna equitum ac peditum auxilia,
Cic. Part. Or. 6, 1; so Suet. Aug. 23; 49; id. Tib. 16; 30; id. Calig. 43; 44; id. Galb. 10 al.—In sing.:
Oroden auctus auxilio Pharasmanes vocare ad pugnam,
Tac. A. 6, 34; Ov. M. 11, 387.—Borrowed from miht. lang.: Duodecim deis plus quam in caelo [p. 213] deorumst inmortalium Mihi nunc auxilio adjutores sunt, Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 10 sq.:
Auxilia ac socios jam pacto foedere habebant,
Lucr. 5, 1443.—In gen.: auxilia, military force, power:
Caesar confisus famā rerum gestarum, infirmis auxiliis proficisci non dubitaverat,
Caes. B. C. 3, 106; Flor. 2, 8, 15; Just. 1, 6.—
B.
In medic. lang., an antidote, remedy, in the most extended sense of the word:
corporis,
Cels. 2, 9; so id. 2, 11 fin.; 4, 22; 5, 26, n. 21 al.:
adversae valetudinis,
id. 1 praef.; Plin. 25, 3, 6, § 20.—
C.
Auxilium as a personified existence, like Fides. Salus, etc., in Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 6.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > auxilia
4 auxilium

auxĭlĭum, ii, n. [augeo], help, aid, assistance, support, succor (syn.: adjumentum, opes, praesidium, subsidium).
I.
In gen.: Fer mi auxilium, Enn. ap. Cic. Ac. 2, 28, 89: quo praesidio fretus, auxiliis quibus? Pac. ap. Non. p. 262, 32:
auxilium argentarium,
Plaut. Ps. 1,1, 103; id. Ep. 1, 2, 14:
non habeo ad auxilium copiam,
Ter. And. 2, 1, 20:
navita indigus omni vitali auxilio,
Lucr. 5, 224:
venerunt ad auxilium,
Vulg. Jud. 5, 23; ib. Isa. 10, 3 al.—Hence the phrases:
auxilium esse alicui,
to assist one, Plaut. Curc. 2, 2, 17; and more freq.: auxilio esse alicui, Enn. ap. Non. p. 111, 16; Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 18; 5, 4, 107; Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 39; Nep. Milt. 5, 1; id. Att. 11, 1; Hor. S. 1, 4, 141; Ov. M. 12, 90 al.:
auxilium ferre alicui,
to bring assistance, to aid, succor, Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 5; Ter. And. 1, 1, 115; id. Ad. 2, 1, 1; Lucr. 3, 1064; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 3;
(contra aliquem),
id. Cat. 2, 9, 19; Caes. B. G. 1, 13; Hor. Epod. 1, 21; Ov. M. 2, 580; 4, 693; 13, 71; Vulg. Jud. 20, 14; ib. Job, 30, 13 al.;
once adferre,
Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 2:
dare,
Verg. A. 2, 691; Vulg. Psa. 59, 13; 107, 13:
praebere,
ib. Jud. 12, 2; ib. 1 Par. 12, 21:
auxilium sibi adjungere,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 40, 116:
expetere,
Ter. And. 2, 1, 19 sq.:
unde auxilium petam?
id. Phorm. 5, 1, 2:
petere ab aliquo,
Cic. Or. 41, 141; Ov. M. 7, 507; 5, 178; 14, 461; Vulg. 1 Esdr. 8, 22; ib. Judith, 6, 21 et saep.—In plur.:
cum (mare) tumet, auxiliis adsidet ille (navita) suis,
Ov. A. A. 3, 260:
auxilia portare,
Sall. C. 6, 5 Kritz:
magna duo auxilia,
sources of aid, Liv. 31, 33, 3:
ne auxilia liberorum innocentibus deessent,
Quint. 7, 1, 56 et saep.— Meton. (abstr. for concr.), a place of succor, refuge (eccl. Lat.):
sex (oppida) erunt in fugitivorum auxilia separata,
Vulg. Num. 35, 6. —
II.
Esp.
A.
In milit. lang. very freq., and commonly in plur.: auxĭlĭa, ōrum, auxiliary troops, auxiliaries (mostly composed of allies and light-armed troops;
hence opp. to the legions): auxilium appellatum ab auctu, cum accesserant ei qui adjumento essent alienigenae,
Varr. L L. 5, § 90 Müll.; Veg. 2, 2; cf.
auxiliares, and Smith, Dict. Antiq.: quibus (copiis) rex Deiotarus imperatoribus nostris auxilia mitteret,
Cic. Deiot. 8, 22; so Sall. J 7, 2; Liv. 5, 5, 8 al.:
auxiliis in mediam aciem conjectis,
Caes. B. G. 3, 24; so,
dimittere,
Sall. J. 8, 2:
ab sociis et nomine Latino accersere,
id. ib. 39, 2; cf. id. ib. 84, 2:
facere mercede,
Tac. A. 6, 33; Vulg. 1 Macc. 9, 52; ib. 2 Macc. 8, 15 et saep.—Opp to the legions:
sex legiones et magna equitum ac peditum auxilia,
Cic. Part. Or. 6, 1; so Suet. Aug. 23; 49; id. Tib. 16; 30; id. Calig. 43; 44; id. Galb. 10 al.—In sing.:
Oroden auctus auxilio Pharasmanes vocare ad pugnam,
Tac. A. 6, 34; Ov. M. 11, 387.—Borrowed from miht. lang.: Duodecim deis plus quam in caelo [p. 213] deorumst inmortalium Mihi nunc auxilio adjutores sunt, Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 10 sq.:
Auxilia ac socios jam pacto foedere habebant,
Lucr. 5, 1443.—In gen.: auxilia, military force, power:
Caesar confisus famā rerum gestarum, infirmis auxiliis proficisci non dubitaverat,
Caes. B. C. 3, 106; Flor. 2, 8, 15; Just. 1, 6.—
B.
In medic. lang., an antidote, remedy, in the most extended sense of the word:
corporis,
Cels. 2, 9; so id. 2, 11 fin.; 4, 22; 5, 26, n. 21 al.:
adversae valetudinis,
id. 1 praef.; Plin. 25, 3, 6, § 20.—
C.
Auxilium as a personified existence, like Fides. Salus, etc., in Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 6.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > auxilium
5 navis

nāvis, is ( acc. sing. usually navem, Charis. 101 P.; Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 57; Cic. de Or. 1, 38, 174; Caes. B. C. 3, 39, 2 et saep.;
but navim,
Cic. Att. 7, 22, 1; Sall. J. 25, 5; Hor. C. 1, 32, 8; id. Ep. 2, 1, 114; Prop. 2 (3), 22, 41; Ov. M. 11, 663; 14, 218; Liv. 24, 34, 11; 40, 4, 11; Pers. 5, 141; Juv. 6, 98; Lact. 2, 7, 12 al.; abl. navi, Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 73; Ter. Hec. 3, 4, 7; Cic. de Or. 3, 40, 159 et saep.;
but nave,
id. Inv. 2, 42, 124; id. Verr. 2, 5, 25, § 64; id. Fam. 10, 31, 1; 14, 5, 1; Caes. B. C. 2, 32, 12; Cat. 64, 84; Verg. A. 5, 188; 487; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 200; Prop. 1, 8, 6; Ov. H. 13, 99; Liv. 5, 28, 2 et saep.; cf. Charis. p. 33 P.; Diom. 1, p. 283 P.; v. Neue, Formenl. 1, p. 200 sq.; 216 sq.), f. [naus; Sanscr. nau, the same], a ship (syn.: navigium).
I.
Lit.:
navis longa,
a ship of war, Liv. 24, 36:
oneraria,
a transport, id. 24, 40:
mercatoria,
Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 2;
praedatoria,
id. Men. 2, 3, 87:
praetoria,
the admiral's ship, id. 29, 25:
tecta,
id. 22, 21;
or, constrata,
having a deck, decked, id. 35, 46:
aperta,
open, without a deck, id. 32, 21: auri navem evertat gubernator, an paleae, laden with gold or chaff, Cic. Par. 3, 1, 20:
navem construere,
id. Sen. 20, 72:
triremis instar aedificata,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 17, § 44:
navem adornare,
Caes. B. C. 1, 26:
armare,
id. B. G. 5, 1:
reficere,
id. ib. 4, 31:
fabricari,
Tac. A. 14, 29:
deducere,
to launch, Caes. B. G. 5, 23:
deducere in aquam,
Liv. 28, 17:
moliri ab terrā,
id. 28, 7:
ex portu educere,
Caes. B. C. 1, 57:
subducere,
id. B. G. 5, 11:
subducere in aridum,
id. ib. 4, 29:
agere,
to work a ship, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 114:
mercibus implere,
Juv. 14, 288:
solvere,
to set sail, Caes. B. C. 3, 6; so,
naves leni vento solverunt,
id. B. G. 4, 28:
mea Hodie solutast navis,
Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 16:
navem appellere ad aliquem locum,
to land, Cic. Att. 13, 21, 3:
applicare terrae,
Liv. 28, 17:
appellere litori,
Curt. 4, 2, 24:
navem fregit,
was shipwrecked, cast away, Ter. And. 1, 3, 17:
in portu evertere,
Cic. de Or. 1, 38, 174:
impingere,
Quint. 4, 1, 61:
deprimere,
Tac. H. 4, 79:
gubernare et salvam in portu collocare,
Cic. Pis. 9, 20:
remis incitare,
Caes. B. G. 4, 25:
in navibus vehi,
Cic. N. D. 3, 37, 89:
e navi egredi,
id. Vatin. 5, 12:
lassus sum hercle e navi,
from my voyage, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 173:
navis cursum suum tenens,
Cic. Planc. 39, 94:
navem statuere,
to heave to, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 57:
navium tutela,
the image of a deity placed on the stern of the vessel, under whose protection the ship was placed, Ov. Tr. 1, 10, 1; cf. id. H. 16, 112; Val. Fl. 1, 301. The proper badge of a vessel, after which it was named, was placed on the prow: Aeneia puppis Prima tenet rostro Phrygios subjuncta leones. Verg. A. 10, 157; cf. id. ib. 5, 116 sq.:
TRIREME MARTE, Inscr. Mur. 780, 5.—Prov.: navibus atque quadrigis petere aliquid,
i. e. with all one's power, with might and main, Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 28; cf. Juv. 9, 131: navem perforare quā ipse quis naviget, i. e. to do one's self an injury, Cic. Fragm. ap. Quint. 8, 6, 47: navem mortuo applicare, to rescue a drowned man from the water, i. e. to bring assistance when too late, Quint. Decl. 12, 23.—
B.
Transf.
1.
= pudenda muliebria, Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 51; id. Rud. 2, 3, 24; Macr. S. 2, 5.—
2.
Navis Argolica, or simply Navis, the ship Argo, placed among the constellations, Cic. Arat. 277.—
II.
Trop., of political affairs:
una navis est jam bonorum omnium,
Cic. Fam. 12, 25, 5:
navis rei publicae fluctuans in alto tempestatibus seditionum ac discordiarum,
id. Sest. 20, 46.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > navis
6 relief

I noun
1) (alleviation, deliverance) Erleichterung, die

give or bring [somebody] relief [from pain] — [jemandem] [Schmerz]linderung verschaffen

breathe or heave a sigh of relief — erleichtert aufatmen

what a relief!, that's a relief! — da bin ich aber erleichtert!

2) (assistance) Hilfe, die; (financial state assistance) Sozialhilfe, die; attrib. Hilfs[fond, -organisation, -komitee]

3) (replacement of person) Ablösung, die; attrib.

relief driver — ablösender Fahrer
II noun
1) (Art)

works in relief — Reliefarbeiten

high/low relief — Hoch-/Flachrelief, das

2) (a sculpture) Relief, das

3)

stand out in strong relief against something — sich scharf gegen etwas abheben; (fig.) in krassem Gegensatz zu etwas stehen

* * *
[rə'li:f]
noun

1) (a lessening or stopping of pain, worry, boredom etc: When one has a headache, an aspirin brings relief; He gave a sigh of relief; It was a great relief to find nothing had been stolen.) die Erleichterung

2) (help (eg food) given to people in need of it: famine relief; ( also adjective) A relief fund has been set up to send supplies to the refugees.) die Hilfe; Hilfs-...

3) (a person who takes over some job or task from another person, usually after a given period of time: The bus-driver was waiting for his relief; ( also adjective) a relief driver.) die Ablösung; Ablösungs-...

4) (the act of freeing a town etc from siege: the relief of Mafeking.) die Befreiung

5) (a way of carving etc in which the design is raised above the level of its background: a carving in relief.) das Relief

•

- academic.ru/61348/relieve">relieve
- relieved
* * *

re·lief¹

[rɪˈli:f]

I. n

1. no pl (assistance for poor) Hilfsgüter pl; (help) Hilfe f, Unterstützung f

shipment of \relief Hilfsgütersendung f

to be on \relief AM ( fam) von der Sozialhilfe leben

disaster/famine \relief Katastrophen-/Hungerhilfe f

2. (diminution) Entlastung f

\relief of hunger/suffering Linderung f von Hunger/Leid

tax \relief Steuerermäßigung f

3. (release from tension) Erleichterung f

that's [or what] a \relief! was für eine Erleichterung!

you can imagine my \relief du kannst dir vorstellen, wie erleichtert ich war

it was such a \relief to hear that Glen had been found safe and well mir fiel ein Stein vom Herzen, als ich hörte, dass man Glen sicher und wohlauf gefunden hatte

sense of \relief Gefühl nt der Erleichterung

to feel an incredible sense of \relief sich akk unglaublich erleichtert fühlen

a sigh of \relief ein Seufzer m der Erleichterung

to breathe a sigh of \relief erleichtert aufatmen

light [or comic] \relief THEAT befreiende Komik

to be greeted with \relief mit Erleichterung aufgenommen werden

much to my [or to my great] \relief zu meiner großen Erleichterung

4. (substitute) Ersatz m, Vertretung f

5. MIL (liberation)

\relief of a country/a town Entsatz m eines Landes/einer Stadt

6. LAW (remedy) Klagebegehren nt

II. n modifier Ersatz-, Vertretungs-

\relief driver Ersatzfahrer(in) m(f)

re·lief²

[rɪˈli:f]

n

1. (three-dimensional representation) Reliefdruck m

2. (sculpture) Relief nt

bronze \relief Bronzerelief nt

3. no pl (sharpness of image) Kontrast m

▪ to be in \relief against sth sich akk von etw dat abheben

to stand out in sharp [or bold] \relief sich akk deutlich von etw dat [o gegen etw akk] abheben

to throw sth into \relief etw hervortreten lassen

* * *
[rɪ'liːf]
1. n

1) (from anxiety, pain) Erleichterung f

to bring sb relief (drug) — jdm Erleichterung verschaffen; (news) jdn erleichtern

that brought him some relief from his headache — das hat seine Kopfschmerzen etwas gelindert

that's a relief! — mir fällt ein Stein vom Herzen

it was a relief to find it — ich/er etc war erleichtert, als ich/er etc es fand

it was a relief to get out of the office — es war eine Wohltat, aus dem Büro wegzukommen

2) (from monotony, boredom) Abwechslung f

to provide a little light/comic relief — für eine kleine Abwechslung/für etwas Humor sorgen

3) (= assistance) Hilfe f

to come to sb's relief — jdm zu Hilfe kommen

relief was available in the form of blankets and cups of tea — für Decken und heißen Tee war gesorgt

to send relief in the form of food to sb — jdm mit Nahrungsmitteln zu Hilfe kommen

relief of the poor — Armenfürsorge f

to provide relief for the poor — für die Armen sorgen

to be on relief (US) — Fürsorge bekommen, von der Fürsorge leben

4) (ESP MIL: act of relieving, replacement forces) Entsatz m; (= substitute) Ablösung f

5) (ART, GEOG) Relief nt; (TYP) Relief nt, Hochdruck m

high/low relief — Hoch-/Flachrelief nt

in relief — erhaben

to stand out in relief (lit) — sich (deutlich) abheben; (fig)

to throw sth into relief (lit) (fig) — etw (deutlich) hervortreten lassen etw hervorheben

6) (JUR) Rechtshilfe f (of bei)

2. attr

1) (= aid) Hilfs-

the relief effort — die Hilfsaktion; (in disaster) die Rettungsaktion

2) (= replacement) watchman, driver zur Entlastung

relief bus/train — Entlastungsbus/-zug m

3) (TYP ETC) Relief-

relief printing — Reliefdruck m

* * *

relief¹ [rıˈliːf] s

1. Erleichterung f ( auch MED):

a drug for the relief of pain ein schmerzlinderndes Mittel;

(much) to my relief, to my (great) relief zu meiner (großen) Erleichterung;

with ( oder in) relief erleichtert;

it was a relief to me when ich war erleichtert, als;

give ( oder bring) some relief MED Erleichterung bringen; → sigh A 1, C

2. Wohltat f ( to the eye für das Auge)

3. a) Entspannung f, Abwechslung f, angenehme Unterbrechung

b) euph sexuelle Befriedigung

4. Trost m

5. Entlastung f

6. Abhilfe f

7. a) Unterstützung f, Hilfe f:

relief fund Unterstützungs-, Hilfsfonds m;

relief works öffentliche Bauvorhaben zur Bekämpfung der Arbeitslosigkeit

b) US Sozialhilfe f:

be on relief Sozialhilfe beziehen

8. MIL

a) Entsatz m, Entlastung f:

relief attack Entlastungsangriff m

b) auch allg Ablösung f:

relief driver AUTO Beifahrer(in);

relief road Entlastungsstraße f;

relief train Entlastungszug m;

relief valve Überdruckventil n

9. Vertretung f, Aushilfe f:

relief secretary Aushilfssekretärin f

10. JUR

a) Rechtshilfe f

b) Rechtsbehelf m:

the relief sought das Klagebegehren

11. JUR, HIST Lehngeld n, -ware f

relief² [rıˈliːf] s

1. Relief n ( auch GEOG):

stand out in (bold) relief plastisch oder scharf hervortreten (a. fig);

bring out the facts in full relief fig die Tatsachen deutlich herausarbeiten;

set into vivid relief fig etwas plastisch schildern;

throw into relief (deutlich) hervortreten lassen (a. fig);

be in relief against sich (deutlich) abheben gegen;

relief map Relief-, Höhenkarte f

2. TYPO Reliefdruck m

* * *
I noun
1) (alleviation, deliverance) Erleichterung, die

give or bring [somebody] relief [from pain] — [jemandem] [Schmerz]linderung verschaffen

breathe or heave a sigh of relief — erleichtert aufatmen

what a relief!, that's a relief! — da bin ich aber erleichtert!

2) (assistance) Hilfe, die; (financial state assistance) Sozialhilfe, die; attrib. Hilfs[fond, -organisation, -komitee]

3) (replacement of person) Ablösung, die; attrib.

relief driver — ablösender Fahrer
II noun
1) (Art)

works in relief — Reliefarbeiten

high/low relief — Hoch-/Flachrelief, das

2) (a sculpture) Relief, das

3)

stand out in strong relief against something — sich scharf gegen etwas abheben; (fig.) in krassem Gegensatz zu etwas stehen

* * *

n.

Ablösung -en f.

Entlastung f.

Erleichterung f.

Hilfe -n f.

Linderung f.

Relief -s n.

Unterstützung f.

English-german dictionary > relief
7 poner

v.

1 to put.

Ella puso el mantel She set the tablecloth.

Ella puso su mejor esfuerzo She exerted her best effort.

2 to give, to set (asignar) (tarea, examen).

le pusieron Mario they called him Mario

le pusieron un cinco en el examen he got five out of ten in the exam

3 to switch or put on (conectar) (televisión, radio).

4 to send (comunicar) (telegrama, fax).

¿me pones con él? can you put me through to him? (peninsular Spanish)

5 to show (Cine, Teatro & TV).

¿qué ponen en la tele? what's on the telly?

6 to set up.

ha puesto una tienda she has opened a shop

poner la mesa to lay the table

7 to do up.

han puesto su casa con mucho lujo they've done up their house in real style

8 to put in.

poner dinero en el negocio to put money into the business

poner algo de mi/tu/etc. parte to do my/your/etc bit

poner mucho empeño en (hacer) algo to put a lot of effort into (doing) something

Ponga más sal Put in more salt.

9 to suppose.

pongamos que sucedió así (let's) suppose that's what happened

pon que necesitemos cinco días suppose we need five days

poniendo que todo salga bien assuming everything goes according to plan

10 to say (decir). (peninsular Spanish)

¿qué pone ahí? what does it say?

11 to lay (eggs) (ave).

12 to make, to render, to turn, to get.

13 to apply, to put on.

Ella puso desinfectante She applied disinfectant.

14 to lay eggs, to lay.

La gallina puso The hen laid eggs.

15 to say about.

* * *

PONER

CONJUGACIÓN

Present Indicative

pongo, pones, pone, ponemos, ponéis, ponen.

Past Indicative

puse, pusiste, puso, pusimos, pusisteis, pusieron.

Future Indicative

pondré, pondrás, pondrá, pondremos, pondréis, pondrán.

Conditional

pondría, pondrías, pondría, pondríamos, pondríais, pondrían.

Present Subjunctive

ponga, pongas, ponga, pongamos, pongáis, pongan.

Imperfect Subjunctive

pusiera, pusieras, pusiera, pusiéramos, pusierais, pusieran;

pusiese, pusieses, pusiese, pusiésemos, pusieseis, pusiesen.

Future Subjunctive

pusiere, pusieres, pusiere, pusiéremos, pusiereis, pusieren.

Imperative

pon (tú), ponga (él/Vd.), pongamos (nos.), poned (vos.), pongan (ellos/Vds.).

Past Participle

puesto,-a.

* * *

verb

1) to put

2) place

3) set

4) set up, establish

5) add

6) switch on, put on

7) lay

8) install

•

- poner al día
- ponerse
* * *
Para las expresiones poner cuidado, poner en duda, poner por las nubes, poner a parir, poner como un trapo, poner verde, poner de vuelta y media, poner por testigo, ponerse por delante, ver la otra entrada.
1. VERBO TRANSITIVO

1) (=colocar, situar) to put

¿dónde pongo mis cosas? — where shall I put my things?

pon los libros en la estantería — put the books on the shelf

le puso la mano en el hombro — she put a hand on his shoulder

me han puesto en la habitación de arriba — they've put me in the upstairs bedroom

han puesto un anuncio en el periódico — they've put an advertisement in the paper

voy a poner las patatas — I'm going to put the potatoes on

ponle un poco de mantequilla y verás qué bueno — put some butter in it and you'll see how good it is

• poner algo [aparte] — to put sth aside, put sth to one side

• ponlo en su [sitio] — put it back

2) [+ ropa, calzado] to put on

le pusieron un vestido nuevo — they dressed her in a new dress

ponle los zapatos — can you put his shoes on?

3) (=añadir) to add

ponle más sal — add some salt, put some more salt in it

pongo 20 más para llegar a 100 — I'll add 20 more to make it 100

4) (=aplicar, administrar) to put

le pusieron una tirita en la herida — they put a plaster on her wound

ponle talco al cambiarle el pañal — put some talcum powder on him when you change his nappy

le han puesto muchas inyecciones — she's been given a lot of injections

5) (=disponer, preparar)

pon cubiertos para 12 personas — set the table for 12 people

• poner la [mesa] — to lay {o} set the table

6) (=instalar)

a) [+ teléfono, calefacción] to put in

queremos poner moqueta — we want to have a carpet fitted

b) [+ tienda] to open; [+ casa] to furnish

han puesto una tienda de muebles — they've opened a furniture shop

han puesto la casa con todo lujo — they have furnished the house luxuriously

7) (=exponer)

ponlo al sol — leave {o} put it out in the sun

poner algo a secar — to put sth out to dry

8) (=hacer funcionar) [+ radio, televisión, calefacción] to put on, turn on; [+ disco] to put on, play

pon el radiador — put the radiator on

¿pongo música? — shall I put some music on?

9) (=ajustar) [+ despertador] to set

puse el despertador para las siete — I set the alarm for seven o'clock

pon el horno al máximo — put the oven on maximum

• poner el reloj [en hora] — to put one's watch right

• ponlo [más alto] — turn it up

10) (=adoptar)

¿por qué pones esa voz tan tonta? — why are you speaking in that silly voice?

puso acento francés al decirlo — she put on a French accent when she said it

• ¡no pongas esa [cara]! — don't look at me like that!

puso muy mala cara cuando se lo dije — he looked very annoyed when I told him

puso cara de asombro — he looked surprised

11) (=volver) + adj, adv to make

me pone furiosa — he makes me mad

para no ponerle de mal humor — so as not to make him cross, so as not to put him in a bad mood

la has puesto colorada — you've made her blush

la medicina lo puso bueno — the medicine made him better

¡cómo te han puesto! — (=te han manchado) look what a mess you are!; (=te han pegado) they've given you a right thumping!

12) (=servir)

¿qué te pongo? — what can I get you?, what would you like?

¿me pones más patatas? — could I have some more potatoes?

13) (=conectar por teléfono) to put through

póngame con el conserje — put me through to the porter

¿me pone con el Sr. García, por favor? — could you put me through to Mr García, please?

le pongo en seguida — I'll put you through

14) (=exhibir)

¿qué ponen en el cine? — what's on at the cinema?

¿ponen alguna película esta noche? — is there a film on tonight?

15) (=enviar) to send

le puso un telegrama — he sent her a telegram

16) (=escribir) to put

¿qué pongo en la carta? — what shall I put in the letter?

¿te has acordado de poner el remite? — did you remember to put the return address on it?

17) (=decir, estar escrito) to say

¿qué pone aquí? — what does it say here?

18) (=imponer) [+ examen, trabajo] to give, set

nos pone mucho trabajo — he gives {o} sets us a lot of work

el ayuntamiento pone muchos impuestos — council taxes are very high

• me han puesto una [multa] — I've been fined, I've been given a fine

19) (=oponer) [+ inconvenientes] to raise

nos han puesto muchos problemas — they've put a lot of obstacles in our way

• le pone [peros] a todo — he's always finding fault with everything

20) (=aportar, contribuir)
[+ dinero]
he puesto 50 euros de mi bolsillo — I put in 50 euros out of my own pocket

todos pusimos diez euros para el regalo — we all put in ten euros towards the present

yo pongo el dinero pero ella escoge — I do the paying, but she does the choosing

yo pongo la bebida y vosotros el postre — I'll get the drink and you can get the dessert

21) (=invertir) to put in

hemos puesto más de cinco millones — we have put in over five million

puso todos sus ahorros en aquel negocio — he put all his savings into that business

22) (=apostar)

pon tres fichas al rojo — put three chips on red

pongo cinco euros a que mañana llueve — I bet five euros that it will rain tomorrow

23) (=llamar) to call

¿qué nombre {o} cómo le van a poner? — what are they going to call him?, what name are they giving him?

al niño le pusieron Luis — they called the child Luis

24) (=criticar, alabar)

• te puso muy [bien] ante el jefe — she was very nice about you to the boss

me han puesto muy bien esa película — I've heard that film is very good

• ¡[cómo] te han puesto! — (=te han criticado) they had a real go at you!; (=te han alabado) they were really nice about you!

• tu cuñada te ha puesto muy [mal] — your sister-in-law was very nasty about you

25) (=tildar)

• poner a algn [de], la han puesto de idiota para arriba — they called her an idiot and worse

26) (=suponer)

pongamos 120 — let's say 120

• pongamos [que] ganas la lotería — suppose {o} supposing you win the lottery

poniendo que... — supposing that...

27)

• poner a algn [a] + infin —

nada más llegar nos pusieron a barrer — no sooner had we arrived than we were set to sweeping the floor

puso a sus hijos a trabajar — she sent her children out to work

28)

• poner a Juan [bien] con Pedro — to make things up between Juan and Pedro

• poner a Juan [mal] con Pedro — to make Juan fall out with Pedro, cause a rift between Juan and Pedro

29) [en trabajo]

• poner a algn [de], puso a su hija de sirvienta — she got her daughter a job as a servant

lo han puesto de dependiente en una tienda — they got him a job as a shop assistant

30)

- ¡no pongo ni una!

31) [gallina] [+ huevos] to lay

2. VERBO INTRANSITIVO

1) [aves] to lay (eggs)

2) (=apostar)

no pongo a la lotería — I don't play the lottery

3.

See:

ponerse

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

Sentido I

1)

a) ( colocar) to put

lo pusieron en el curso avanzado — he was put o placed in the advanced class

pon agua a calentar — put some water on to boil

no le puso la tapa — he didn't put the lid on

ponle el collar al perro — put the dog's collar on

b) <anuncio/aviso> to place, put

2) ( agregar) to put

¿cuándo se le pone el agua? — when do you put the water in?, when do you add the water?

¿le pones azúcar al café? — do you take sugar in your coffee?

3) <ropa/calzado> (+ me/te/le etc)

¿me pones los zapatos? — can you put my shoes on (for me)?

le puse el vestido rojo — I dressed her in her red dress

4) <inyección/supositorio> to give

5)

poner la mesa — to lay o set the table

pon otro cubierto para Juan — lay another place at the table for Juan

6)

a) (instalar, montar) <oficina/restaurante> to open

puso una autoescuela — he opened up a driving school

les ayudó a poner la casa — he helped them set up house o home

b) <cocina/teléfono/calefacción> to install

c) cerradura/armario to fit

pusimos parqué en el salón — we laid parquet flooring in the living room

7) ave < huevo> to lay

8) (Esp) (servir, dar)

¿qué le pongo? — what can I get you?

póngame un café, por favor — I'll have a coffee, please

¿cuántos le pongo? — how many would you like?

Sentido II

9)

a) ( contribuir)

él pone el capital y yo el trabajo — he puts up the capital and I supply the labor

pusimos 500 pesos cada uno — we put in 500 pesos each

b) ( proporcionar) autobús/tren to lay on

10) < atención> to pay; <cuidado/interés> to take

pon atención en lo que haces — pay attention to what you're doing

pon más cuidado en la presentación — take more care over the presentation

pone mucho entusiasmo en todo lo que hace — he puts a lot of enthusiasm into everything he does

poner énfasis en algo — to stress something

11)

a) ( imponer) < deberes> to give, set; <examen/problema> to set

le pusieron una multa — he was fined

b) ( oponer)

no puso inconveniente — he didn't have o raise any objections

a todo le pone peros or pegas — she finds fault with everything

c) ( adjudicar) < nota> to give

¿qué nota te puso? — what mark did he give you?

le pusieron un cero — he got nought out of ten

12) ( dar) <nombre/apodo> to give; < ejemplo> to give

¿qué título le pusiste? — what title did you give it?

le pusieron Eva — they called her Eva

le pusieron el apodo de `el cojo' — they nicknamed him `el cojo'

13) ( enviar) < telegrama> to send

14) ( escribir) to put

no sé que ponerle — I don't know what to put o say

15) (esp Esp) ( expresar por escrito) to say

allí pone que no se puede pasar — it says there that you can't go in

16) (Esp) (exhibir, dar) <obra/película>

¿ponen algo interesante en la tele? — is there anything interesting on TV?

¿qué ponen en el Royal? — what's on o what's showing at the Royal?

en el teatro ponen una obra de Casares — there's a play by Casares on at the theater

17) (RPl) ( tardar) to take

de allí a Salta pusimos tres horas — it took us three hours from there to Salta

Sentido III

18) (en estado, situación) (+ compl)

poner a alguien nervioso — to make somebody nervous

poner a alguien de mal humor — to put somebody in a bad mood

poner a alguien en evidencia — to show somebody up

poner a alguien en un aprieto — to put somebody in an awkward position

nos puso al corriente de lo sucedido — he brought us up to date on what had happened

mira cómo has puesto la alfombra! — look at the mess you've made on the carpet!

me lo estás poniendo muy difícil — you're making things very difficult for me

19) ( adoptar) cara/voz

no pongas esa cara — there's no need to look like that

puso voz de asustado — he sounded scared

20)

a) ( hacer empezar)

me pusieron a régimen — they put me on a diet

poner a alguien a + inf: puso a las hijas a trabajar he sent his daughters out to work; lo puse a hacer los deberes — I made him do his homework

b)

poner a alguien de algo: la pusieron de jefa de sección they made her head of department; lo pusieron de ángel he was given the part of an angel; siempre te pone de ejemplo — he always holds you up as an example

21) ( suponer)

pon que perdemos ese tren... — say we miss that train o if we (were to) miss that train...

pongamos (por caso) que están equivocados — suppose o let's just say they're wrong

ponerle — (esp AmL)

¿cuánto se tarda? - ponle dos horas — how long does it take? - about two hours o reckon on two hours

Sentido IV

22)

a) (conectar, encender) <televisión/calefacción> to turn on, switch on, put on; <programa/canal> to put on; < disco> to put on

puso el motor en marcha — she switched on o started the engine

nos van a poner la luz — we're going to have our electricity connected

b) (ajustar, graduar)

pon el despertador a las siete — set the alarm (clock) for seven

pon la música más alta — turn the music up

puso el reloj en hora — she put the clock right

poner el motor a punto — to tune up the engine

23) (Esp) ( al teléfono)

en seguida le pongo — I'm just putting you through o connecting you

poner a alguien con algo/alguien — to put somebody through to something/somebody

¿me pone con la extensión 24? — could you put me through to extension 24, please?
2.
vi gallina to lay
3.
1) ponerse v pron

Sentido I

2)

a) (refl) ( colocarse)

pongámonos a la sombra — let's sit (o lie etc) in the shade

ponerse de pie — to stand (up)

ponerse de rodillas — to kneel (down), get down on one's knees

ponte ahí, junto al árbol — stand over there, by the tree

se me/le puso que... — (AmS fam) I/he had a feeling that... (colloq)

se le pone cada cosa... — he gets the strangest ideas into his head

b) (Esp) ( llegar)

en una hora nos pusimos allí — we got there in one hour

3) sol to set

4) (refl) <calzado/maquillaje/alhaja> to put on

no tengo nada que ponerme — I don't have a thing to wear

me puse el collar de perlas — I wore o put on my pearl necklace

Sentido II

5) (en estado, situación) (+ compl)

se puso triste — she became sad

cuando lo vio se puso muy contenta — she was so happy when she saw it

se puso como loco — he went mad

quiero ponerme morena — I want to get a tan

ponerse cómodo — to make oneself comfortable

no te pongas así — don't get so worked up

cómo te has puesto de barro! — look at you, you're covered in mud!

la vida se está poniendo carísima — everything's getting so expensive

6)

a) ( empezar)

ponerse a + inf — to start -ing, to start + inf

se puso a llover — it started raining o started to rain

a ver si te pones a trabajar — you'd better get down to some work

b) (CS arg) ( contribuir dinero)

cuando llega la cuenta hay que ponerse — when the bill comes, everyone has to cough up (colloq)

yo me pongo con cien — I'll put in o chip in a hundred

Sentido III

7) (Esp) ( al teléfono)

¿Pepe? sí, ahora se pone — Pepe? OK, I'll just get him for you

dile a tu madre que se ponga — ask your mother to come to the phone

* * *

= affix, fit, put, set, lay, set up, lay out on, lay down, deposit, play, lay out, plant, bung + Nombe + in, get on.

Ex. Some libraries use small stickers affixed to the spines which have cartoons or ideograms indicating a special genre.

Ex. One such method requires that each book has a magnetic strip inserted into the spine and a special exit door is fitted across which an electric signal is beamed.

Ex. If you encounter an unlabeled document during charge-out, peel off one of the preprinted labels and put it in the document.

Ex. If no fines are to be charged for a particular combination of borrower and material type, set the maximum fine to zero.

Ex. By such mutual assistance, the wits and endeavours of the world may no longer be as so many scattered coals, or firebrands, which, for want of union are soon quenched, whereas, being but laid together, they would have yielded a comfortable light and heat.

Ex. A table is set up in a classroom, books are laid out on it by pupil 'shop assistants' supervised by a rota of teachers, and regular opening hours are laid down and adhered to.

Ex. A table is set up in a classroom, books are laid out on it by pupil 'shop assistants' supervised by a rota of teachers, and regular opening hours are laid down and adhered to.

Ex. A table is set up in a classroom, books are laid out on it by pupil 'shop assistants' supervised by a rota of teachers, and regular opening hours are laid down and adhered to.

Ex. The run-off paper must be thick and absorbent to cope with the thick layer of ink deposited on it by the duplicator.

Ex. In another style of lesson, the book is approached through film clips, dramatizations on TV, or played on records or tapes made commercially.

Ex. There should be plenty of space to lay out all the books attractively and for people to move about without feeling too crowded.

Ex. The article is entitled 'To everything there is a season...a time to plant and a time to pluck up that which is planted: a life-cycle analysis of education for librarianship'.

Ex. Instead of bunging it in the washing machine, clean it carefully by hand using lukewarm water.

Ex. The full-length, two-direction zipper makes it easy to get on and off, and the bottom is easy to unzip for diaper changes.

----

* con la mirada puesta en = in + Posesivo + sights.

* cosas + ponerse feas = things + get rough.

* costes + ponerse por las nubes = costs + spiral.

* de quita y pon = burn-'em-down-build-'em-up, removable.

* encargado de poner en práctica = implementor [implementer].

* no poner en duda = be unquestioned.

* poner a Alguien al cargo de = put + Nombre + in charge of.

* poner a Alguien al frente de = put + Nombre + in charge of.

* poner a Alguien al mando de = put + Nombre + in charge of.

* poner a Alguien al tanto de = fill + Alguien + in on.

* poner a Alguien contra las cuerdas = put + Nombre + on the spot.

* poner a Alguien en contacto con = put + Nombre + in touch with.

* poner a Alguien en el compromiso de = leave + Nombre + with the choice of.

* poner a Alguien en guardia = put + Nombre + on + Posesivo + guard.

* poner a Alguien en su sitio = cut + Nombre + down to size, knock + Nombre + off + Posesivo + pedestal, cut + Nombre + down to size.

* poner a Alguien en un aprieto = put + Nombre + on the spot.

* poner a Alguien en un apuro = put + Alguien + on the spot, put + Nombre + on the spot.

* poner a Alguien en un compromiso = put + Alguien + on the spot.

* poner a Alguien en un pedestal = put + Nombre + on a pedestal.

* poner a cargo de = put in + charge of.

* poner a disposición = keep within + reach.

* poner a disposición de = make + available to, put at + the disposal of, place + at the disposal of, bring within + reach.

* poner a la altura de las circunstancias = bring + Nombre + up to par.

* poner a la defensiva = put on + the defensive.

* poner al alcance = bring within + reach.

* poner al día = bring + Nombre + up to date, bring + Nombre + up to scratch.

* poner al día (de) = bring + Nombre + up to speed (on), get + Nombre + up to speed on.

* poner Algo a disposición = put + Nombre + within reach.

* poner Algo al alcance = put + Nombre + within reach.

* poner Algo al descubierto = bring + Nombre + to the surface.

* poner Algo a mano = put + Nombre + within reach.

* poner Algo a prueba = push + Nombre + to + Posesivo + limits.

* poner Algo en = stick + Nombre + on.

* poner Algo en Internet = put (out) + Nombre + on the web.

* poner Algo patas arriba = turn + Nombre + inside-out.

* poner Algo por delante de = put + Nombre + ahead of.

* poner Alguien al descubierto = blow + Posesivo + cover.

* poner + Alguien + frenético = make + Alguien + furious.

* poner al mismo nivel que = bring + Nombre + to a par with.

* poner al revés = upend.

* poner al tanto (de) = bring into + the swim of, bring + Nombre + up to speed (on), get + Nombre + up to speed on.

* poner al tanto sobre = give + Nombre + the lowdown on.

* poner a mal tiempo buena cara = keep + Posesivo + chin up.

* poner a + Nombre + a la cabeza de = put + Nombre + ahead in.

* poner a + Número = set to + Número.

* poner aparte = set + apart.

* poner a + Posesivo + disposición = put at + Posesivo + fingertips.

* poner a prueba = stretch, tax, try, strain, overtax, pilot, put to + the test, test, plumb + the depths of, trial, overstretch, push + the envelope, put + Nombre + to the test, try + Nombre + on, push + Nombre + to the edge.

* poner a prueba la paciencia de Alguien = test + Posesivo + patience, try + Nombre + patience.

* poner a prueba la paciencia de un santo = try + the patience of a saint.

* poner a prueba la paciencia de un santo = test + the patience of a saint.

* poner a prueba una idea = test + idea, pilot + idea.

* poner a punto = overhaul, hone, fine tune [fine-tune], tune-up.

* poner atención = lend + an ear, listen (to).

* poner a un lado = lay + Nombre + aside, set + aside.

* poner bonito = get + the rough edge of + Posesivo + tongue.

* poner carnada = bait.

* poner cebo = bait.

* poner como ejemplo = instance, cite + as an example, showcase.

* poner con chinchetas = thumbtack.

* poner delante de = lay before.

* poner de manifiesto = bring into + relief, highlight, show, state, throw into + relief, throw up, evince, illustrate, underscore, underline, emphasise [emphasize, -USA], bring to + light, make + it + clear, lay + bare, provide + insight into, reveal, flag + Nombre + up.

* poner de manifiesto las mejores cualidades de = bring out + the best in.

* poner demasiado énfasis en Algo = overemphasise [over-emphasise] [overemphasize, -USA].

* poner de patitas en la calle = give + Nombre + the boot, sack, boot (out), give + Nombre + the sack, turf out.

* poner de pie = stand + upright.

* poner de pie apoyado sobre un costado = stand on + Posesivo + side.

* poner de + Posesivo + parte = do + Posesivo + part, do + Posesivo + share, do + Posesivo + bit.

* poner de relieve = bring into + relief, throw into + relief, underscore, highlight, show, state, throw up, evince, illustrate, underline, emphasise [emphasize, -USA], flag + Nombre + up, reveal.

* poner de relieve la importancia = underscore + importance.

* poner doble acristalamiento = double glaze.

* poner el candado = padlock.

* poner el centro de atención = put + focus.

* poner el colofón final = bookend.

* poner el culo = take + Nombre + lying down.

* poner el dedo en la llaga = hit + a (raw) nerve, touch on + raw nerve, hit + the nail on the head, strike + home, strike + a nerve, touch on + a sore spot, touch + a (raw) nerve.

* poner el despertador = set + the alarm clock.

* poner el énfasis = put + focus.

* poner el grito en el cielo = be (all) up in arms, kick up + a stink, kick up + a fuss, blow + Posesivo + top, make + a row, make + a ruckus, kick up + a row, blow + Posesivo + lid, blow + Posesivo + stack, scream + blue murder, froth at + the mouth, shout + blue murder.

* poner el matasellos a una carta = postmark.

* poner el precio = price.

* poner el sello = stamp.

* poner el sello a = place + a stamp on.

* poner el sello de = rubber stamp.

* poner empeño = strive.

* poner en adobo = marinade.

* poner en alerta = put on + standby, put on + alert, place + Nombre + on standby.

* poner en alquiler = rent out.

* poner en apuros = cast + a shadow over, put + Nombre + in difficulties.

* poner encima = top with.

* poner en circulación = circulate.

* poner en claro = clear up.

* poner en cola = queue.

* poner en cola de espera = place + in queue.

* poner en contacto = bring into + relationship, contact, provide + an interface, bring into + contact.

* poner en contenedor = containerise [containerize, -USA].

* poner en cuarentena = quarantine.

* poner en cuestión = call into + question, render + questionable.

* poner en cuestión la validez de = bring into + question the validity of, question + the validity of.

* poner en dificultades = put + Nombre + in difficulties.

* poner en duda = challenge, be flawed, question, render + suspect, unsettle, cast + doubt on, regard + with suspicion, put in + doubt, call into + question, shed + doubt, throw into + doubt, throw + doubt on.

* poner en duda la validez de = bring into + question the validity of.

* poner en duda unos principios = shake + foundations.

* poner en el haber de = credit.

* poner en entredicho = challenge, cast + doubt on, subvert, compromise, cast + aspersions on, challenge + Posesivo + assumptions, doubt, question, call into + question, impugn.

* poner en entredicho una postura = compromise + position.

* poner en escena = stage.

* poner en estado de alerta = put on + standby, put on + alert, place + Nombre + on standby.

* poner en evidencia = make + it + clear, underline, bring to + light, put + Nombre + to shame, call + Posesivo + bluff, bring to + the fore.

* poner énfasis = put + emphasis.

* poner énfasis en = lay + stress on, place + emphasis on, lay + emphasis on.

* poner en forma = buff up.

* poner en funcionamiento = activate, set in + action, set up, trip, put into + working order, put in + place, put in + place, put into + place, set in + motion.

* poner en funcionamiento un programa = implement + program(me).

* poner en garantía = pawn.

* poner en hielo = ice.

* poner en juego = tap.

* poner en la calle = evict.

* poner en la pared = pin up.

* poner en la red + Documento Impreso = webify + Documento Impreso.

* poner en libertad = release from + jail.

* poner en libertad bajo fianza = release on + bail.

* poner en libertad condicional = release on + bail.

* poner en libertad condicional, poner en libertad bajo fianza = release on + bail.

* poner en lista de espera = put + on a waiting list.

* poner en marcha = implement, set up, trip, set out on, crank up.

* poner en marcha un proyecto = mobilise + effort.

* poner en órbita = place into + orbit.

* poner en orden = tidy up, put in + order, clear up.

* poner en peligro = jeopardise [jeopardize, -USA], put into + jeopardy, imperil, put at + risk, compromise, endanger, pose + risk.

* poner en peligro la seguridad = breach + security.

* poner en peligro la vida = risk + Posesivo + life, risk + life and limb.

* poner en práctica = exercise, implement, put into + practice, put to + work, put into + effect, put into + practical effect, put in + place, put into + place, translate into + practical action, bring to + bear, deploy.

* poner en práctica una idea = put + Posesivo + idea + into practice.

* poner en práctica una normativa = carry out + policy.

* poner en práctica un arte = practise + art.

* poner en préstamo = circulate.

* poner en primer plano = foreground.

* poner en relación = bring into + relationship.

* poner en remojo = steep.

* poner en ridículo = poke + fun at.

* poner en riesgo = put at + risk.

* poner en su sitio = put in + place.

* poner en tela de juicio = throw + doubt on, contest.

* poner en tensión = put + Nombre + under pressure.

* poner entre comillas = enclose + in quotation marks.

* poner entre corchetes = bracket.

* poner entre la espada y la pared = press to + the point.

* poner entre paréntesis = bracket.

* poner entre rejas = put + Nombre + behind bars.

* poner en uso = bring into + use, take in + use.

* poner en venta = put on + sale.

* poner esfuerzo = give + effort.

* poner fin = curb, bring to + a close, draw to + a close.

* poner fin a = put + paid to, put + an end to, put + a stop to, call + a halt on, bring + an end to, bring to + an end, sound + the death knell for, kill off.

* poner fin a un embarazo = terminate + pregnancy.

* poner freno = curb.

* poner freno a = place + a curb on, clamp down on.

* poner fuera de combate = lay + Nombre + low.

* poner guiones = hyphenate.

* poner huevos = lay + eggs, oviposit.

* poner impuestos = impose + VAT.

* poner la brida = bridle.

* poner la casa al revés = turn + everything upside down.

* poner la casa patas arriba = turn + the house upside down.

* poner la dirección en un sobre = address + envelope.

* poner ladrillos = laying of bricks, lay + bricks.

* poner la fecha = date-stamp.

* poner la mesa = lay + the table.

* poner la otra mejilla = turn + the other cheek.

* poner la responsabilidad en = put + the burden on.

* poner las antenas = prick (up) + Posesivo + ears, Posesivo + antennas + go up.

* poner las bases = lay + foundation, lay + the basis for.

* poner las cartas boca arriba = lay + Posesivo + cards on the table, put + Posesivo + cards on the table.

* poner las cartas sobre la mesa = lay + Posesivo + cards on the table, put + Posesivo + cards on the table.

* poner las cosas en marcha = get + the ball rolling, set + the ball rolling, start + the ball rolling, get + things rolling, get + things going, set + the wheels in motion.

* poner las cosas en movimiento = get + the ball rolling, set + the ball rolling, start + the ball rolling, get + things rolling, get + things going, set + the wheels in motion.

* poner las cosas en su lugar = set + the record straight.

* poner las esposas = handcuff.

* poner la vida en peligro = put + Posesivo + life at risk.

* ponerle el cascabel al gato = stick + Posesivo + neck out (for), stick out + Posesivo + neck.

* ponerle la guinda = put + icing on the cake.

* ponerle la mano encima a = lay + a finger on.

* ponerle los cuernos a = cuckold.

* ponerlo de otra manera = put it + in a different way.

* poner lo pelos de punta = frighten + the living daylights out of.

* poner los ojos en blanco = roll + Posesivo + eyes.

* poner los pelos de punta = bristle, scare + the living daylights out of, frighten + Nombre + to death, make + Posesivo + hair stand on end, scare + the hell out of.

* poner los pies en alto = put + Posesivo + feet up.

* poner los pies en + Posesivo + casa = darken + Posesivo + door.

* poner los pies sobre la tierra = come down + to earth.

* poner más fuerte = crank up.

* poner mucho ahínco = try + Posesivo + heart out.

* poner mucho ahínco en = put + Posesivo + heart into.

* poner mucho empeño = try + Posesivo + heart out.

* poner mucho empeño en = put + Posesivo + heart into.

* poner mucho empeño en + Verbo = be at pains to + Infinitivo.

* poner mucho empeño por = take + (great) pains to.

* poner mucho esmero por = take + (great) pains to.

* poner negro = drive + Alguien + (a)round the bend.

* poner nervioso = rattle.

* poner nervioso a Alguien = give + Nombre + the screaming abdabs.

* poner + Nombre + a dieta = put + Nombre + on a diet.

* poner + Nombre + a + Nombre = place + Nombre + against + Nombre.

* poner objeciones = object.

* poner objeciones a = object to.

* poner obstáculos = cramp.

* poner orden = bring + order, tidying (up), create + order, clear out, clear up.

* poner orden en el caos = create + order out of chaos, create + order out of chaos.

* poner papel en la impresora = load + printer.

* poner parches = patch up, patch.

* poner patas arriba = upend.

* poner pegas = cavil (about/at), baulk [balk, -USA], quibble (about/over/with), raise + objection, find + fault with.

* poner peros = baulk [balk, -USA], cavil (about/at), quibble (about/over/with), raise + objection, find + fault with.

* poner por las nubes = praise + highly, wax + lyrical, wax + rapturous, praise + Nombre + to the skies, sing + Posesivo + praises.

* poner por los suelos = slate, slag + Nombre + off, mouth off, say + nasty things about, call + Nombre + all the names under the sun, trash, cut + Nombre + up, tear + Nombre + down, rubbish.

* poner + Posesivo + granito de arena = do + Posesivo + share, do + Posesivo + part, do + Posesivo + bit.

* poner precio a la cabeza de = declare + open season on.

* poner precio a la cabeza de Alguien = put + a price on + Posesivo + head.

* poner punto final a = put + an end to, bring + an end to, bring to + an end, close + the book on.

* poner punto y final a = put + a stop to, sound + the death knell for.

* poner reparos = cavil (about/at), baulk [balk, -USA], quibble (about/over/with), raise + objection, find + fault with.

* poner sal = salt.

* ponerse = don, pull on, wax.

* ponerse a = set about + Gerundio, get (a)round to, settle down to, get down to + Nombre.

* ponerse a cero = roll over to + zero.

* ponerse a cubierto = run for + cover.

* ponerse a dieta = go on + a diet.

* ponerse a hacer = set out to + do.

* ponerse a hacer Algo en serio = buckle down to.

* ponerse al corriente = come up to + speed.

* ponerse al corriente de = catch up with, catch up on.

* ponerse al día = catching up, come up to + speed, get + up to speed.

* ponerse al día de = get up to + speed on.

* ponerse al día de un atraso = clear + backlog.

* ponerse al día en = catch up with, catch up on.

* ponerse Algo = slip + Nombre + on.

* ponerse al rojo vivo = reach + boiling point, fire up.

* ponerse al tanto = get + up to speed, wise up.

* ponerse al tanto de = get up to + speed on.

* ponerse a malas con = run + afoul of, fall + afoul of.

* ponerse amarillo de envidia = turn + green with envy.

* ponerse a temblar con sólo pensar en = shudder at + the thought of.

* ponerse a trabajar en serio = get on with + Posesivo + work, buckle down to, pull up + Posesivo + socks, pull + (a/Posesivo) finger out.

* ponerse a trabajar por cuenta propia = strike out on + Posesivo + own.

* ponerse a tratar + Algo = get down to + Nombre.

* ponerse blanco = turn + white, whiten.

* ponerse borroso = blur.

* ponerse ciego = make + a pig of + Reflexivo, pig out (on).

* ponerse + Color = go + Color.

* ponerse colorado = get + red in the face, go + bright red.

* ponerse colorado como un tomate = go + bright red.

* ponerse como loco = go + crazy, get + (all) worked up (about), get + hot under the collar.

* ponerse como una fiera = get + Posesivo + knickers in a twist, get + Posesivo + knickers in a bundle, get + Posesivo + panties in a bundle, blow + Posesivo + lid, blow + Posesivo + top, blow + Posesivo + stack.

* ponerse como unas castañuelas = be tickled pink, be chuffed to bits, thrill + Nombre + to bits.

* ponerse como un energúmeno = get + Posesivo + knickers in a twist, get + Posesivo + knickers in a bundle, get + Posesivo + panties in a bundle, blow + Posesivo + top, blow + a fuse, wax + indignant, throw + a wobbly, throw + a wobbler, tear + Posesivo + hair out, blow + Posesivo + lid, blow + Posesivo + stack.

* ponerse contentísimo = be tickled pink, be chuffed to bits, thrill + Nombre + to bits.

* ponerse de acuerdo sobre = agree (on/upon).

* ponerse del lado de = side with.

* ponerse del lado de Alguien = side in + Posesivo + favour.

* ponerse de lleno a = buckle down to.

* ponerse de mil colores = go + bright red.

* ponerse de moda = come into + vogue, come into + fashion.

* ponerse de parte de = side with.

* ponerse de parte de Alguien = side in + Posesivo + favour.

* ponerse de pie = rise, stand up, get to + Posesivo + feet, rise to + Posesivo + feet.

* ponerse de punta = stand out.

* ponerse, el = donning, the.

* ponerse el cinturón = buckle up.

* ponerse en cola = queue up, line up.

* ponerse en contacto = make + contact.

* ponerse en contacto con = be in touch (with), interact (with), get in + touch with.

* ponerse en contra de = turn against.

* ponerse en cuclillas = squat (down), crouch (down).

* ponerse en el lugar de = place + Reflexivo + in the position of, put + Reflexivo + in the position of.

* ponerse en el lugar de Alguien = put + Reflexivo + in + Nombre/Posesivo + shoes, wear + Posesivo + shoes, walk in + Posesivo + shoes.

* ponerse enfermo = get + sick.

* ponerse en fila = line up.

* ponerse en forma = get + fit.

* ponerse en forma para la lucir el cuerpo en la playa = get + beach-fit.

* ponerse en lugar de Alguien = stand in + Posesivo + shoes.

* ponerse en marcha = set off, get off + the ground, swing into + action.

* ponerse en medio = get in + the way (of).

* ponerse en pie de guerra = dig up + the tomahawk, dig up + the hatchet, dig up + the war axe.

* ponerse en práctica = go into + effect.

* ponerse en ridículo = make + a spectacle of + Reflexivo.

* ponerse en tensión = tense up.

* ponerse firme = stand to + attention.

* ponerse frenético = go + berserk, go + postal, go + crazy, work up + a lather, tear + Posesivo + hair out, be furious.

* ponerse fresco con = act + fresh with.

* ponerse furioso = infuriate, get + (all) worked up (about), get + hot under the collar.

* ponerse gallito = bluster.

* ponerse hecho una fiera = go + ballistic, go + berserk, blow + Posesivo + top, go + postal, go + crazy, blow + a fuse, lose + Posesivo + temper, throw + a wobbly, throw + a wobbler, blow + Posesivo + lid, blow + Posesivo + stack.

* ponerse hecho una furia = go + berserk, go + postal, go + crazy, lose + Posesivo + temper.

* ponerse hecho un basilisco = go + ballistic, go + berserk, go + postal, go + crazy, lose + Posesivo + temper.

* ponerse hecho un energúmeno = go + ballistic, blow + Posesivo + top, blow + Posesivo + lid, blow + Posesivo + stack.

* ponerse histérico = go + berserk, go + postal, work up + a lather, throw + a wobbly, throw + a wobbler.

* ponerse la ropa rápidamente = slip into + Posesivo + clothes.

* ponerse las medallas = take + the credit (for).

* ponerse las orejeras = put on + blinkers.

* ponerse las pilas = buckle down to, pull up + Posesivo + socks, put + Posesivo + skates on, get + Posesivo + skates on, pull + (a/Posesivo) finger out.

* ponerse las pilas, ponerse de lleno a, ponerse a trabajar en serio = buckle down to.

* ponerse loco = go + berserk, go + postal, work up + a lather.

* ponerse manos a la obra = get down to + business, swing into + action.

* ponerse marrón = turn + brown.

* ponerse morado = make + a pig of + Reflexivo, pig out (on).

* ponerse nervioso = get + Posesivo + knickers in a bundle, get + Posesivo + panties in a bundle, be in a tizz(y), get in(to) a tizz(y), have + butterflies in + Posesivo + stomach.

* ponerse por las nubes = go + ballistic.

* ponerse rígido = stiffen.

* ponerse rojo = get + red in the face, go + bright red.

* ponerse rojo como un tomate = go + bright red.

* ponerse seriamente a = settle to.

* ponerse tenso = tense up, stress + Nombre + out.

* ponerse tibio = pig out (on).

* ponerse una tarea = set + Reflexivo + task.

* poner sobre aviso = alert to.

* poner término a = put + paid to.

* poner toda la carne en el asador = go for + broke, shoot (for) + the moon, put + all (of) + Posesivo + eggs in one basket.

* poner todo de + Posesivo + parte = give + Posesivo + best, do + Posesivo + best, give + Posesivo + utmost.

* poner todo patas arriba = turn + everything upside down.

* poner todos los huevos en una canasta = put + all (of) + Posesivo + eggs in one basket, put + all (of) + Posesivo + eggs in one basket.

* poner trabas = cramp.

* poner una bomba = plant + bomb.

* poner una demanda = face + legal action.

* poner una denuncia = file + police report.

* poner una marca de comprobación = check-mark.

* poner una nota en un sitio público = post.

* poner una reclamación = appeal.

* poner una señal = put up + a sign, put up + a notice.

* poner una señal de aviso = post + a warning, post + a warning sign.

* poner una tienda = pitch + tent.

* poner un círculo alrededor = circle.

* poner un ejemplo = take + an example, draw + example.

* poner un letrero = put up + a sign, post + a notice, put up + a notice.

* poner un pie = set + foot (inside/in/on).

* poner un poquito de picante = pep up.

* poner un precio a Algo muy alto = overprice.

* poner verde = mouth off, get + the rough edge of + Posesivo + tongue, trash, call + Nombre + all the names under the sun, say + nasty things about, slag + Nombre + off, cut + Nombre + up, tear + Nombre + down, slate, rubbish.

* poner vertical = stand + upright, upend.

* poner y quitar = get on and off.

* pongamos el caso de que = for the sake of + argument.

* pongamos, por ejemplo,... = let us say, take, for example,..., take, for instance,....

* por poner un ejemplo + Adjetivo = to take a + Adjetivo + example.

* por poner un ejemplo sobre + Nombre = to take + Nombre.

* precio + ponerse por las nubes = price + go through the roof, price + spiral out of control, price + soar through the roof.

* precios + ponerse por las nubes = prices + spiral.

* que pone la vida en peligro = life threatening.

* que pone obstáculos = obstructive.

* quita o pon = give or take.

* sin poner en duda la veracidad de Algo temporalmente = suspension of disbelief.

* sin poner en escena = unproduced.

* sin ponerlo en duda = uncritically.

* sin ponerse en duda = unquestioned.

* sólo con la ropa interior puesta = in + Posesivo + underclothes.

* sol + ponerse (por) = sun + set (on).

* volver a ponerse al día = be back on track, be on track.

* ya lo quitas, ya lo pones = burn-'em-down-build-'em-up.

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

Sentido I

1)

a) ( colocar) to put

lo pusieron en el curso avanzado — he was put o placed in the advanced class

pon agua a calentar — put some water on to boil

no le puso la tapa — he didn't put the lid on

ponle el collar al perro — put the dog's collar on

b) <anuncio/aviso> to place, put

2) ( agregar) to put

¿cuándo se le pone el agua? — when do you put the water in?, when do you add the water?

¿le pones azúcar al café? — do you take sugar in your coffee?

3) <ropa/calzado> (+ me/te/le etc)

¿me pones los zapatos? — can you put my shoes on (for me)?

le puse el vestido rojo — I dressed her in her red dress

4) <inyección/supositorio> to give

5)

poner la mesa — to lay o set the table

pon otro cubierto para Juan — lay another place at the table for Juan

6)

a) (instalar, montar) <oficina/restaurante> to open

puso una autoescuela — he opened up a driving school

les ayudó a poner la casa — he helped them set up house o home

b) <cocina/teléfono/calefacción> to install

c) cerradura/armario to fit

pusimos parqué en el salón — we laid parquet flooring in the living room

7) ave < huevo> to lay

8) (Esp) (servir, dar)

¿qué le pongo? — what can I get you?

póngame un café, por favor — I'll have a coffee, please

¿cuántos le pongo? — how many would you like?

Sentido II

9)

a) ( contribuir)

él pone el capital y yo el trabajo — he puts up the capital and I supply the labor

pusimos 500 pesos cada uno — we put in 500 pesos each

b) ( proporcionar) autobús/tren to lay on

10) < atención> to pay; <cuidado/interés> to take

pon atención en lo que haces — pay attention to what you're doing

pon más cuidado en la presentación — take more care over the presentation

pone mucho entusiasmo en todo lo que hace — he puts a lot of enthusiasm into everything he does

poner énfasis en algo — to stress something

11)

a) ( imponer) < deberes> to give, set; <examen/problema> to set

le pusieron una multa — he was fined

b) ( oponer)

no puso inconveniente — he didn't have o raise any objections

a todo le pone peros or pegas — she finds fault with everything

c) ( adjudicar) < nota> to give

¿qué nota te puso? — what mark did he give you?

le pusieron un cero — he got nought out of ten

12) ( dar) <nombre/apodo> to give; < ejemplo> to give

¿qué título le pusiste? — what title did you give it?

le pusieron Eva — they called her Eva

le pusieron el apodo de `el cojo' — they nicknamed him `el cojo'

13) ( enviar) < telegrama> to send

14) ( escribir) to put

no sé que ponerle — I don't know what to put o say

15) (esp Esp) ( expresar por escrito) to say

allí pone que no se puede pasar — it says there that you can't go in

16) (Esp) (exhibir, dar) <obra/película>

¿ponen algo interesante en la tele? — is there anything interesting on TV?

¿qué ponen en el Royal? — what's on o what's showing at the Royal?

en el teatro ponen una obra de Casares — there's a play by Casares on at the theater

17) (RPl) ( tardar) to take

de allí a Salta pusimos tres horas — it took us three hours from there to Salta

Sentido III

18) (en estado, situación) (+ compl)

poner a alguien nervioso — to make somebody nervous

poner a alguien de mal humor — to put somebody in a bad mood

poner a alguien en evidencia — to show somebody up

poner a alguien en un aprieto — to put somebody in an awkward position

nos puso al corriente de lo sucedido — he brought us up to date on what had happened

mira cómo has puesto la alfombra! — look at the mess you've made on the carpet!

me lo estás poniendo muy difícil — you're making things very difficult for me

19) ( adoptar) cara/voz

no pongas esa cara — there's no need to look like that

puso voz de asustado — he sounded scared

20)

a) ( hacer empezar)

me pusieron a régimen — they put me on a diet

poner a alguien a + inf: puso a las hijas a trabajar he sent his daughters out to work; lo puse a hacer los deberes — I made him do his homework

b)

poner a alguien de algo: la pusieron de jefa de sección they made her head of department; lo pusieron de ángel he was given the part of an angel; siempre te pone de ejemplo — he always holds you up as an example

21) ( suponer)

pon que perdemos ese tren... — say we miss that train o if we (were to) miss that train...

pongamos (por caso) que están equivocados — suppose o let's just say they're wrong

ponerle — (esp AmL)

¿cuánto se tarda? - ponle dos horas — how long does it take? - about two hours o reckon on two hours

Sentido IV

22)

a) (conectar, encender) <televisión/calefacción> to turn on, switch on, put on; <programa/canal> to put on; < disco> to put on

puso el motor en marcha — she switched on o started the engine

nos van a poner la luz — we're going to have our electricity connected

b) (ajustar, graduar)

pon el despertador a las siete — set the alarm (clock) for seven

pon la música más alta — turn the music up

puso el reloj en hora — she put the clock right

poner el motor a punto — to tune up the engine

23) (Esp) ( al teléfono)

en seguida le pongo — I'm just putting you through o connecting you

poner a alguien con algo/alguien — to put somebody through to something/somebody

¿me pone con la extensión 24? — could you put me through to extension 24, please?
2.
vi gallina to lay
3.
1) ponerse v pron

Sentido I

2)

a) (refl) ( colocarse)

pongámonos a la sombra — let's sit (o lie etc) in the shade

ponerse de pie — to stand (up)

ponerse de rodillas — to kneel (down), get down on one's knees

ponte ahí, junto al árbol — stand over there, by the tree

se me/le puso que... — (AmS fam) I/he had a feeling that... (colloq)

se le pone cada cosa... — he gets the strangest ideas into his head

b) (Esp) ( llegar)

en una hora nos pusimos allí — we got there in one hour

3) sol to set

4) (refl) <calzado/maquillaje/alhaja> to put on

no tengo nada que ponerme — I don't have a thing to wear

me puse el collar de perlas — I wore o put on my pearl necklace

Sentido II

5) (en estado, situación) (+ compl)

se puso triste — she became sad

cuando lo vio se puso muy contenta — she was so happy when she saw it

se puso como loco — he went mad

quiero ponerme morena — I want to get a tan

ponerse cómodo — to make oneself comfortable

no te pongas así — don't get so worked up

cómo te has puesto de barro! — look at you, you're covered in mud!

la vida se está poniendo carísima — everything's getting so expensive

6)

a) ( empezar)

ponerse a + inf — to start -ing, to start + inf

se puso a llover — it started raining o started to rain

a ver si te pones a trabajar — you'd better get down to some work

b) (CS arg) ( contribuir dinero)

cuando llega la cuenta hay que ponerse — when the bill comes, everyone has to cough up (colloq)

yo me pongo con cien — I'll put in o chip in a hundred

Sentido III

7) (Esp) ( al teléfono)

¿Pepe? sí, ahora se pone — Pepe? OK, I'll just get him for you

dile a tu madre que se ponga — ask your mother to come to the phone

* * *

= affix, fit, put, set, lay, set up, lay out on, lay down, deposit, play, lay out, plant, bung + Nombe + in, get on.

Ex: Some libraries use small stickers affixed to the spines which have cartoons or ideograms indicating a special genre.

Ex: One such method requires that each book has a magnetic strip inserted into the spine and a special exit door is fitted across which an electric signal is beamed.

Ex: If you encounter an unlabeled document during charge-out, peel off one of the preprinted labels and put it in the document.

Ex: If no fines are to be charged for a particular combination of borrower and material type, set the maximum fine to zero.

Ex: By such mutual assistance, the wits and endeavours of the world may no longer be as so many scattered coals, or firebrands, which, for want of union are soon quenched, whereas, being but laid together, they would have yielded a comfortable light and heat.

Ex: A table is set up in a classroom, books are laid out on it by pupil 'shop assistants' supervised by a rota of teachers, and regular opening hours are laid down and adhered to.

Ex: A table is set up in a classroom, books are laid out on it by pupil 'shop assistants' supervised by a rota of teachers, and regular opening hours are laid down and adhered to.

Ex: A table is set up in a classroom, books are laid out on it by pupil 'shop assistants' supervised by a rota of teachers, and regular opening hours are laid down and adhered to.

Ex: The run-off paper must be thick and absorbent to cope with the thick layer of ink deposited on it by the duplicator.

Ex: In another style of lesson, the book is approached through film clips, dramatizations on TV, or played on records or tapes made commercially.

Ex: There should be plenty of space to lay out all the books attractively and for people to move about without feeling too crowded.

Ex: The article is entitled 'To everything there is a season...a time to plant and a time to pluck up that which is planted: a life-cycle analysis of education for librarianship'.

Ex: Instead of bunging it in the washing machine, clean it carefully by hand using lukewarm water.

Ex: The full-length, two-direction zipper makes it easy to get on and off, and the bottom is easy to unzip for diaper changes.

* con la mirada puesta en = in + Posesivo + sights.

* cosas + ponerse feas = things + get rough.

* costes + ponerse por las nubes = costs + spiral.

* de quita y pon = burn-'em-down-build-'em-up, removable.

* encargado de poner en práctica = implementor [implementer].

* no poner en duda = be unquestioned.

* poner a Alguien al cargo de = put + Nombre + in charge of.

* poner a Alguien al frente de = put + Nombre + in charge of.

* poner a Alguien al mando de = put + Nombre + in charge of.

* poner a Alguien al tanto de = fill + Alguien + in on.

* poner a Alguien contra las cuerdas = put + Nombre + on the spot.

* poner a Alguien en contacto con = put + Nombre + in touch with.

* poner a Alguien en el compromiso de = leave + Nombre + with the choice of.

* poner a Alguien en guardia = put + Nombre + on + Posesivo + guard.

* poner a Alguien en su sitio = cut + Nombre + down to size, knock + Nombre + off + Posesivo + pedestal, cut + Nombre + down to size.

* poner a Alguien en un aprieto = put + Nombre + on the spot.

* poner a Alguien en un apuro = put + Alguien + on the spot, put + Nombre + on the spot.

* poner a Alguien en un compromiso = put + Alguien + on the spot.

* poner a Alguien en un pedestal = put + Nombre + on a pedestal.

* poner a cargo de = put in + charge of.

* poner a disposición = keep within + reach.

* poner a disposición de = make + available to, put at + the disposal of, place + at the disposal of, bring within + reach.

* poner a la altura de las circunstancias = bring + Nombre + up to par.

* poner a la defensiva = put on + the defensive.

* poner al alcance = bring within + reach.

* poner al día = bring + Nombre + up to date, bring + Nombre + up to scratch.

* poner al día (de) = bring + Nombre + up to speed (on), get + Nombre + up to speed on.

* poner Algo a disposición = put + Nombre + within reach.

* poner Algo al alcance = put + Nombre + within reach.

* poner Algo al descubierto = bring + Nombre + to the surface.

* poner Algo a mano = put + Nombre + within reach.

* poner Algo a prueba = push + Nombre + to + Posesivo + limits.

* poner Algo en = stick + Nombre + on.

* poner Algo en Internet = put (out) + Nombre + on the web.

* poner Algo patas arriba = turn + Nombre + inside-out.

* poner Algo por delante de = put + Nombre + ahead of.

* poner Alguien al descubierto = blow + Posesivo + cover.

* poner + Alguien + frenético = make + Alguien + furious.

* poner al mismo nivel que = bring + Nombre + to a par with.

* poner al revés = upend.

* poner al tanto (de) = bring into + the swim of, bring + Nombre + up to speed (on), get + Nombre + up to speed on.

* poner al tanto sobre = give + Nombre + the lowdown on.

* poner a mal tiempo buena cara = keep + Posesivo + chin up.

* poner a + Nombre + a la cabeza de = put + Nombre + ahead in.

* poner a + Número = set to + Número.

* poner aparte = set + apart.

* poner a + Posesivo + disposición = put at + Posesivo + fingertips.

* poner a prueba = stretch, tax, try, strain, overtax, pilot, put to + the test, test, plumb + the depths of, trial, overstretch, push + the envelope, put + Nombre + to the test, try + Nombre + on, push + Nombre + to the edge.

* poner a prueba la paciencia de Alguien = test + Posesivo + patience, try + Nombre + patience.

* poner a prueba la paciencia de un santo = try + the patience of a saint.

* poner a prueba la paciencia de un santo = test + the patience of a saint.

* poner a prueba una idea = test + idea, pilot + idea.

* poner a punto = overhaul, hone, fine tune [fine-tune], tune-up.

* poner atención = lend + an ear, listen (to).

* poner a un lado = lay + Nombre + aside, set + aside.

* poner bonito = get + the rough edge of + Posesivo + tongue.

* poner carnada = bait.

* poner cebo = bait.

* poner como ejemplo = instance, cite + as an example, showcase.

* poner con chinchetas = thumbtack.

* poner delante de = lay before.

* poner de manifiesto = bring into + relief, highlight, show, state, throw into + relief, throw up, evince, illustrate, underscore, underline, emphasise [emphasize, -USA], bring to + light, make + it + clear, lay + bare, provide + insight into, reveal, flag + Nombre + up.

* poner de manifiesto las mejores cualidades de = bring out + the best in.

* poner demasiado énfasis en Algo = overemphasise [over-emphasise] [overemphasize, -USA].

* poner de patitas en la calle = give + Nombre + the boot, sack, boot (out), give + Nombre + the sack, turf out.

* poner de pie = stand + upright.

* poner de pie apoyado sobre un costado = stand on + Posesivo + side.

* poner de + Posesivo + parte = do + Posesivo + part, do + Posesivo + share, do + Posesivo + bit.

* poner de relieve = bring into + relief, throw into + relief, underscore, highlight, show, state, throw up, evince, illustrate, underline, emphasise [emphasize, -USA], flag + Nombre + up, reveal.

* poner de relieve la importancia = underscore + importance.

* poner doble acristalamiento = double glaze.

* poner el candado = padlock.

* poner el centro de atención = put + focus.

* poner el colofón final = bookend.

* poner el culo = take + Nombre + lying down.

* poner el dedo en la llaga = hit + a (raw) nerve, touch on + raw nerve, hit + the nail on the head, strike + home, strike + a nerve, touch on + a sore spot, touch + a (raw) nerve.

* poner el despertador = set + the alarm clock.

* poner el énfasis = put + focus.

* poner el grito en el cielo = be (all) up in arms, kick up + a stink, kick up + a fuss, blow + Posesivo + top, make + a row, make + a ruckus, kick up + a row, blow + Posesivo + lid, blow + Posesivo + stack, scream + blue murder, froth at + the mouth, shout + blue murder.

* poner el matasellos a una carta = postmark.

* poner el precio = price.

* poner el sello = stamp.

* poner el sello a = place + a stamp on.

* poner el sello de = rubber stamp.

* poner empeño = strive.

* poner en adobo = marinade.

* poner en alerta = put on + standby, put on + alert, place + Nombre + on standby.

* poner en alquiler = rent out.

* poner en apuros = cast + a shadow over, put + Nombre + in difficulties.

* poner encima = top with.

* poner en circulación = circulate.

* poner en claro = clear up.

* poner en cola = queue.

* poner en cola de espera = place + in queue.

* poner en contacto = bring into + relationship, contact, provide + an interface, bring into + contact.

* poner en contenedor = containerise [containerize, -USA].

* poner en cuarentena = quarantine.

* poner en cuestión = call into + question, render + questionable.

* poner en cuestión la validez de = bring into + question the validity of, question + the validity of.

* poner en dificultades = put + Nombre + in difficulties.

* poner en duda = challenge, be flawed, question, render + suspect, unsettle, cast + doubt on, regard + with suspicion, put in + doubt, call into + question, shed + doubt, throw into + doubt, throw + doubt on.

* poner en duda la validez de = bring into + question the validity of.

* poner en duda unos principios = shake + foundations.

* poner en el haber de = credit.

* poner en entredicho = challenge, cast + doubt on, subvert, compromise, cast + aspersions on, challenge + Posesivo + assumptions, doubt, question, call into + question, impugn.

* poner en entredicho una postura = compromise + position.

* poner en escena = stage.

* poner en estado de alerta = put on + standby, put on + alert, place + Nombre + on standby.

* poner en evidencia = make + it + clear, underline, bring to + light, put + Nombre + to shame, call + Posesivo + bluff, bring to + the fore.

* poner énfasis = put + emphasis.

* poner énfasis en = lay + stress on, place + emphasis on, lay + emphasis on.

* poner en forma = buff up.

* poner en funcionamiento = activate, set in + action, set up, trip, put into + working order, put in + place, put in + place, put into + place, set in + motion.

* poner en funcionamiento un programa = implement + program(me).

* poner en garantía = pawn.

* poner en hielo = ice.

* poner en juego = tap.

* poner en la calle = evict.

* poner en la pared = pin up.

* poner en la red + Documento Impreso = webify + Documento Impreso.

* poner en libertad = release from + jail.

* poner en libertad bajo fianza = release on + bail.

* poner en libertad condicional = release on + bail.

* poner en libertad condicional, poner en libertad bajo fianza = release on + bail.

* poner en lista de espera = put + on a waiting list.

* poner en marcha = implement, set up, trip, set out on, crank up.

* poner en marcha un proyecto = mobilise + effort.

* poner en órbita = place into + orbit.

* poner en orden = tidy up, put in + order, clear up.

* poner en peligro = jeopardise [jeopardize, -USA], put into + jeopardy, imperil, put at + risk, compromise, endanger, pose + risk.

* poner en peligro la seguridad = breach + security.

* poner en peligro la vida = risk + Posesivo + life, risk + life and limb.

* poner en práctica = exercise, implement, put into + practice, put to + work, put into + effect, put into + practical effect, put in + place, put into + place, translate into + practical action, bring to + bear, deploy.

* poner en práctica una idea = put + Posesivo + idea + into practice.

* poner en práctica una normativa = carry out + policy.

* poner en práctica un arte = practise + art.

* poner en préstamo = circulate.

* poner en primer plano = foreground.

* poner en relación = bring into + relationship.

* poner en remojo = steep.

* poner en ridículo = poke + fun at.

* poner en riesgo = put at + risk.

* poner en su sitio = put in + place.

* poner en tela de juicio = throw + doubt on, contest.

* poner en tensión = put + Nombre + under pressure.

* poner entre comillas = enclose + in quotation marks.

* poner entre corchetes = bracket.

* poner entre la espada y la pared = press to + the point.

* poner entre paréntesis = bracket.

* poner entre rejas = put + Nombre + behind bars.

* poner en uso = bring into + use, take in + use.

* poner en venta = put on + sale.

* poner esfuerzo = give + effort.

* poner fin = curb, bring to + a close, draw to + a close.

* poner fin a = put + paid to, put + an end to, put + a stop to, call + a halt on, bring + an end to, bring to + an end, sound + the death knell for, kill off.

* poner fin a un embarazo = terminate + pregnancy.

* poner freno = curb.

* poner freno a = place + a curb on, clamp down on.

* poner fuera de combate = lay + Nombre + low.

* poner guiones = hyphenate.

* poner huevos = lay + eggs, oviposit.

* poner impuestos = impose + VAT.

* poner la brida = bridle.

* poner la casa al revés = turn + everything upside down.

* poner la casa patas arriba = turn + the house upside down.

* poner la dirección en un sobre = address + envelope.

* poner ladrillos = laying of bricks, lay + bricks.

* poner la fecha = date-stamp.

* poner la mesa = lay + the table.

* poner la otra mejilla = turn + the other cheek.

* poner la responsabilidad en = put + the burden on.

* poner las antenas = prick (up) + Posesivo + ears, Posesivo + antennas + go up.

* poner las bases = lay + foundation, lay + the basis for.

* poner las cartas boca arriba = lay + Posesivo + cards on the table, put + Posesivo + cards on the table.

* poner las cartas sobre la mesa = lay + Posesivo + cards on the table, put + Posesivo + cards on the table.

* poner las cosas en marcha = get + the ball rolling, set + the ball rolling, start + the ball rolling, get + things rolling, get + things going, set + the wheels in motion.

* poner las cosas en movimiento = get + the ball rolling, set + the ball rolling, start + the ball rolling, get + things rolling, get + things going, set + the wheels in motion.

* poner las cosas en su lugar = set + the record straight.

* poner las esposas = handcuff.

* poner la vida en peligro = put + Posesivo + life at risk.

* ponerle el cascabel al gato = stick + Posesivo + neck out (for), stick out + Posesivo + neck.

* ponerle la guinda = put + icing on the cake.

* ponerle la mano encima a = lay + a finger on.

* ponerle los cuernos a = cuckold.

* ponerlo de otra manera = put it + in a different way.

* poner lo pelos de punta = frighten + the living daylights out of.

* poner los ojos en blanco = roll + Posesivo + eyes.

* poner los pelos de punta = bristle, scare + the living daylights out of, frighten + Nombre + to death, make + Posesivo + hair stand on end, scare + the hell out of.

* poner los pies en alto = put + Posesivo + feet up.

* poner los pies en + Posesivo + casa = darken + Posesivo + door.

* poner los pies sobre la tierra = come down + to earth.

* poner más fuerte = crank up.

* poner mucho ahínco = try + Posesivo + heart out.

* poner mucho ahínco en = put + Posesivo + heart into.

* poner mucho empeño = try + Posesivo + heart out.

* poner mucho empeño en = put + Posesivo + heart into.

* poner mucho empeño en + Verbo = be at pains to + Infinitivo.

* poner mucho empeño por = take + (great) pains to.

* poner mucho esmero por = take + (great) pains to.

* poner negro = drive + Alguien + (a)round the bend.

* poner nervioso = rattle.

* poner nervioso a Alguien = give + Nombre + the screaming abdabs.

* poner + Nombre + a dieta = put + Nombre + on a diet.

* poner + Nombre + a + Nombre = place + Nombre + against + Nombre.

* poner objeciones = object.

* poner objeciones a = object to.

* poner obstáculos = cramp.

* poner orden = bring + order, tidying (up), create + order, clear out, clear up.

* poner orden en el caos = create + order out of chaos, create + order out of chaos.

* poner papel en la impresora = load + printer.

* poner parches = patch up, patch.

* poner patas arriba = upend.

* poner pegas = cavil (about/at), baulk [balk, -USA], quibble (about/over/with), raise + objection, find + fault with.

* poner peros = baulk [balk, -USA], cavil (about/at), quibble (about/over/with), raise + objection, find + fault with.

* poner por las nubes = praise + highly, wax + lyrical, wax + rapturous, praise + Nombre + to the skies, sing + Posesivo + praises.

* poner por los suelos = slate, slag + Nombre + off, mouth off, say + nasty things about, call + Nombre + all the names under the sun, trash, cut + Nombre + up, tear + Nombre + down, rubbish.

* poner + Posesivo + granito de arena = do + Posesivo + share, do + Posesivo + part, do + Posesivo + bit.

* poner precio a la cabeza de = declare + open season on.

* poner precio a la cabeza de Alguien = put + a price on + Posesivo + head.

* poner punto final a = put + an end to, bring + an end to, bring to + an end, close + the book on.

* poner punto y final a = put + a stop to, sound + the death knell for.

* poner reparos = cavil (about/at), baulk [balk, -USA], quibble (about/over/with), raise + objection, find + fault with.

* poner sal = salt.

* ponerse = don, pull on, wax.

* ponerse a = set about + Gerundio, get (a)round to, settle down to, get down to + Nombre.

* ponerse a cero = roll over to + zero.

* ponerse a cubierto = run for + cover.

* ponerse a dieta = go on + a diet.

* ponerse a hacer = set out to + do.

* ponerse a hacer Algo en serio = buckle down to.

* ponerse al corriente = come up to + speed.

* ponerse al corriente de = catch up with, catch up on.

* ponerse al día = catching up, come up to + speed, get + up to speed.

* ponerse al día de = get up to + speed on.

* ponerse al día de un atraso = clear + backlog.

* ponerse al día en = catch up with, catch up on.

* ponerse Algo = slip + Nombre + on.

* ponerse al rojo vivo = reach + boiling point, fire up.

* ponerse al tanto = get + up to speed, wise up.

* ponerse al tanto de = get up to + speed on.

* ponerse a malas con = run + afoul of, fall + afoul of.

* ponerse amarillo de envidia = turn + green with envy.

* ponerse a temblar con sólo pensar en = shudder at + the thought of.

* ponerse a trabajar en serio = get on with + Posesivo + work, buckle down to, pull up + Posesivo + socks, pull + (a/Posesivo) finger out.

* ponerse a trabajar por cuenta propia = strike out on + Posesivo + own.

* ponerse a tratar + Algo = get down to + Nombre.

* ponerse blanco = turn + white, whiten.

* ponerse borroso = blur.

* ponerse ciego = make + a pig of + Reflexivo, pig out (on).

* ponerse + Color = go + Color.

* ponerse colorado = get + red in the face, go + bright red.

* ponerse colorado como un tomate = go + bright red.

* ponerse como loco = go + crazy, get + (all) worked up (about), get + hot under the collar.

* ponerse como una fiera = get + Posesivo + knickers in a twist, get + Posesivo + knickers in a bundle, get + Posesivo + panties in a bundle, blow + Posesivo + lid, blow + Posesivo + top, blow + Posesivo + stack.

* ponerse como unas castañuelas = be tickled pink, be chuffed to bits, thrill + Nombre + to bits.

* ponerse como un energúmeno = get + Posesivo + knickers in a twist, get + Posesivo + knickers in a bundle, get + Posesivo + panties in a bundle, blow + Posesivo + top, blow + a fuse, wax + indignant, throw + a wobbly, throw + a wobbler, tear + Posesivo + hair out, blow + Posesivo + lid, blow + Posesivo + stack.

* ponerse contentísimo = be tickled pink, be chuffed to bits, thrill + Nombre + to bits.

* ponerse de acuerdo sobre = agree (on/upon).

* ponerse del lado de = side with.

* ponerse del lado de Alguien = side in + Posesivo + favour.

* ponerse de lleno a = buckle down to.

* ponerse de mil colores = go + bright red.

* ponerse de moda = come into + vogue, come into + fashion.

* ponerse de parte de = side with.

* ponerse de parte de Alguien = side in + Posesivo + favour.

* ponerse de pie = rise, stand up, get to + Posesivo + feet, rise to + Posesivo + feet.

* ponerse de punta = stand out.

* ponerse, el = donning, the.

* ponerse el cinturón = buckle up.

* ponerse en cola = queue up, line up.

* ponerse en contacto = make + contact.

* ponerse en contacto con = be in touch (with), interact (with), get in + touch with.

* ponerse en contra de = turn against.

* ponerse en cuclillas = squat (down), crouch (down).

* ponerse en el lugar de = place + Reflexivo + in the position of, put + Reflexivo + in the position of.

* ponerse en el lugar de Alguien = put + Reflexivo + in + Nombre/Posesivo + shoes, wear + Posesivo + shoes, walk in + Posesivo + shoes.

* ponerse enfermo = get + sick.

* ponerse en fila = line up.

* ponerse en forma = get + fit.

* ponerse en forma para la lucir el cuerpo en la playa = get + beach-fit.

* ponerse en lugar de Alguien = stand in + Posesivo + shoes.

* ponerse en marcha = set off, get off + the ground, swing into + action.

* ponerse en medio = get in + the way (of).

* ponerse en pie de guerra = dig up + the tomahawk, dig up + the hatchet, dig up + the war axe.

* ponerse en práctica = go into + effect.

* ponerse en ridículo = make + a spectacle of + Reflexivo.

* ponerse en tensión = tense up.

* ponerse firme = stand to + attention.

* ponerse frenético = go + berserk, go + postal, go + crazy, work up + a lather, tear + Posesivo + hair out, be furious.

* ponerse fresco con = act + fresh with.

* ponerse furioso = infuriate, get + (all) worked up (about), get + hot under the collar.

* ponerse gallito = bluster.

* ponerse hecho una fiera = go + ballistic, go + berserk, blow + Posesivo + top, go + postal, go + crazy, blow + a fuse, lose + Posesivo + temper, throw + a wobbly, throw + a wobbler, blow + Posesivo + lid, blow + Posesivo + stack.

* ponerse hecho una furia = go + berserk, go + postal, go + crazy, lose + Posesivo + temper.

* ponerse hecho un basilisco = go + ballistic, go + berserk, go + postal, go + crazy, lose + Posesivo + temper.

* ponerse hecho un energúmeno = go + ballistic, blow + Posesivo + top, blow + Posesivo + lid, blow + Posesivo + stack.

* ponerse histérico = go + berserk, go + postal, work up + a lather, throw + a wobbly, throw + a wobbler.

* ponerse la ropa rápidamente = slip into + Posesivo + clothes.

* ponerse las medallas = take + the credit (for).

* ponerse las orejeras = put on + blinkers.

* ponerse las pilas = buckle down to, pull up + Posesivo + socks, put + Posesivo + skates on, get + Posesivo + skates on, pull + (a/Posesivo) finger out.

* ponerse las pilas, ponerse de lleno a, ponerse a trabajar en serio = buckle down to.

* ponerse loco = go + berserk, go + postal, work up + a lather.

* ponerse manos a la obra = get down to + business, swing into + action.

* ponerse marrón = turn + brown.

* ponerse morado = make + a pig of + Reflexivo, pig out (on).

* ponerse nervioso = get + Posesivo + knickers in a bundle, get + Posesivo + panties in a bundle, be in a tizz(y), get in(to) a tizz(y), have + butterflies in + Posesivo + stomach.

* ponerse por las nubes = go + ballistic.

* ponerse rígido = stiffen.

* ponerse rojo = get + red in the face, go + bright red.

* ponerse rojo como un tomate = go + bright red.

* ponerse seriamente a = settle to.

* ponerse tenso = tense up, stress + Nombre + out.

* ponerse tibio = pig out (on).

* ponerse una tarea = set + Reflexivo + task.

* poner sobre aviso = alert to.

* poner término a = put + paid to.

* poner toda la carne en el asador = go for + broke, shoot (for) + the moon, put + all (of) + Posesivo + eggs in one basket.

* poner todo de + Posesivo + parte = give + Posesivo + best, do + Posesivo + best, give + Posesivo + utmost.

* poner todo patas arriba = turn + everything upside down.

* poner todos los huevos en una canasta = put + all (of) + Posesivo + eggs in one basket, put + all (of) + Posesivo + eggs in one basket.

* poner trabas = cramp.

* poner una bomba = plant + bomb.

* poner una demanda = face + legal action.

* poner una denuncia = file + police report.

* poner una marca de comprobación = check-mark.

* poner una nota en un sitio público = post.

* poner una reclamación = appeal.

* poner una señal = put up + a sign, put up + a notice.

* poner una señal de aviso = post + a warning, post + a warning sign.

* poner una tienda = pitch + tent.

* poner un círculo alrededor = circle.

* poner un ejemplo = take + an example, draw + example.

* poner un letrero = put up + a sign, post + a notice, put up + a notice.

* poner un pie = set + foot (inside/in/on).

* poner un poquito de picante = pep up.

* poner un precio a Algo muy alto = overprice.

* poner verde = mouth off, get + the rough edge of + Posesivo + tongue, trash, call + Nombre + all the names under the sun, say + nasty things about, slag + Nombre + off, cut + Nombre + up, tear + Nombre + down, slate, rubbish.

* poner vertical = stand + upright, upend.

* poner y quitar = get on and off.

* pongamos el caso de que = for the sake of + argument.

* pongamos, por ejemplo,... = let us say, take, for example,..., take, for instance,....

* por poner un ejemplo + Adjetivo = to take a + Adjetivo + example.

* por poner un ejemplo sobre + Nombre = to take + Nombre.

* precio + ponerse por las nubes = price + go through the roof, price + spiral out of control, price + soar through the roof.

* precios + ponerse por las nubes = prices + spiral.

* que pone la vida en peligro = life threatening.

* que pone obstáculos = obstructive.

* quita o pon = give or take.

* sin poner en duda la veracidad de Algo temporalmente = suspension of disbelief.

* sin poner en escena = unproduced.

* sin ponerlo en duda = uncritically.

* sin ponerse en duda = unquestioned.

* sólo con la ropa interior puesta = in + Posesivo + underclothes.

* sol + ponerse (por) = sun + set (on).

* volver a ponerse al día = be back on track, be on track.

* ya lo quitas, ya lo pones = burn-'em-down-build-'em-up.

* * *

poner [ E22 ]

GUIA DE BUSQUEDA

■ poner (verbo transitivo)

Sentido I

A

1 colocar

2 poner: anuncio, aviso

B agregar

C ropa, calzado etc

D ‹inyección/supositorio›

E poner la mesa

F

1 instalar, montar

2 poner: cocina, teléfono etc

3 poner: cerradura etc

G poner: huevos

H servir, dar

Sentido II

A

1 contribuir

2 proporcionar

B poner: atención, cuidado

C

1 imponer

2 oponer

3 adjudicar

D poner: nombre

E enviar

F escribir

G

1 expresar por escrito

2 impersonal

H exhibir, dar

I tardar

Sentido III

A en un estado, una situación

B poner: cara, voz, etc

C

1 hacer empezar

2 poner a alguien de algo

D suponer

Sentido IV

A

1 conectar, encender

2 ajustar, graduar

B poner al teléfono

■ poner (verbo intransitivo)

A

1 apostar

2 contribuir dinero

B poner: gallinas

C México: vulg

■ ponerse (verbo pronominal)

Sentido I

A

1 colocarse

2 llegar

B ponerse: el sol

C ponerse: calzado etc

Sentido II

A en un estado, una situación

B

1 empezar

2 esforzarse, esmerarse

3 contribuir dinero

Sentido III ponerse al teléfono

vt

Sentido I

A

1 (colocar) to put

¿dónde habré puesto las llaves? where can I have put the keys?

¿dónde vas a poner este cuadro? where are you going to put o hang this picture?

pon ese cuadro derecho put that picture straight, straighten that picture

lo pusieron en el curso avanzado he was put o placed in the advanced class

ponle la cadena a la puerta put the chain on the door

pon agua a calentar put some water on to boil

2 ‹anuncio/aviso› to place, put

pusieron un anuncio en el periódico they put o placed an advertisement in the newspaper

B (agregar) to put

¿cuándo se le pone el agua? when do you put the water in?, when do you add the water?

¿le has puesto sal a la sopa? have you put any salt in the soup?

¿le pones azúcar al café? do you take sugar in your coffee?

C ‹ropa/calzado› (+ me/te/le etc):

¿me pones los zapatos? can you put my shoes on (for me)?

le puse el vestido rojo I dressed her in her red dress

D ‹inyección/supositorio› to give

el dentista le puso una inyección the dentist gave him an injection

E

poner la mesa to lay o set the table

F

1 (instalar, montar) ‹oficina/restaurante› to open

puso un estudio junto con otra arquitecta she set up in business with another architect

consiguió permiso para poner una autoescuela he got permission to open a driving school

les ayudó a poner la casa he helped them set up house o home

pusieron la casa/oficina a todo lujo they furnished the house/fitted the office out in style

le puso un apartamento a su amante he set his mistress up in an apartment

2 ‹cocina/teléfono/calefacción› to install

van a poner cocinas de gas they are going to install o fit gas cookers

3 ‹cerradura/armario› to fit

G «ave» ‹huevos› to lay

H

( Esp) (servir, dar): ¿qué le pongo? what can I get you?

póngame un café, por favor I'll have a coffee, please

¿cuántos le pongo, señora? how many would you like, madam?

Sentido II

A

1 (contribuir):

él pone el capital y yo el trabajo he puts up the capital and I supply the labor

pusimos 500 pesos cada uno we put in 500 pesos each

que cada uno ponga lo que pueda each person should give what he or she can afford

2 (proporcionar) ‹autobús/tren› to lay on

la empresa puso la comida y la bebida food and drink was laid on by the company

B ‹atención› to pay; ‹cuidado› to take

pon más atención en lo que estás haciendo pay more attention to what you're doing

no ha puesto ningún cuidado en este trabajo she hasn't taken any care at all over this piece of work

pone mucho entusiasmo en todo lo que hace he's very enthusiastic about everything he does, he puts a lot of enthusiasm into everything he does

C

1 (imponer) ‹deberes› to give, set; ‹examen› to set

nos pusieron 20 preguntas we were given o set 20 questions

le pusieron una multa por exceso de velocidad he was fined for speeding

2

(oponer): no me puso ningún inconveniente he didn't have o raise any objections

a todo le tiene que poner peros or pegas she finds fault with everything

3 (adjudicar) ‹nota› to give

¿qué (nota) te puso en la redacción? what (mark) did he give you for your essay?

le pusieron un cero he got nought out of ten

D (dar) ‹nombre/apodo› to give

¡qué nombre más feo le pusieron! what a horrible name to give him!

le pusieron Eva they called her Eva

¿qué título le vas a poner al poema? what title are you going to give the poem?, what are you going to call the poem?

le pusieron el sobrenombre de `el cojo' they nicknamed him `el cojo'

E (enviar) ‹telegrama› to send; ‹carta› to mail ( AmE), to post ( BrE)

F (escribir) to put

no has puesto ningún acento you haven't put any of the accents in

no sé qué más ponerle I don't know what else to put o write

puso mi nombre en la lista she put my name down on the list

G ( esp Esp)

1 (expresar por escrito) to say

el periódico no pone nada sobre el robo the newspaper doesn't say anything about the robbery

2 ( impersonal):

mira a ver lo que pone en esa nota see what that note says

allí pone que no se puede pasar it says there that you can't go in

¿qué pone aquí? what does it say here?, what does this say?

H ( Esp) (exhibir, dar)

‹obra/película› ¿ponen algo interesante en la tele? is there anything interesting on TV?

¿qué ponen en el Trocadero? what's on o what's showing at the Trocadero?

en el teatro ponen una obra de Casares there's a play by Casares on at the theater

no pusieron ninguna película buena en Navidad there wasn't a single good film on over Christmas, they didn't show a single good film over Christmas

I ( RPl) (tardar) to take

el avión pone media hora de Montevideo a Buenos Aires the plane takes half an hour from Montevideo to Buenos Aires

de allí a Salta pusimos tres horas it took us three hours from there to Salta

Sentido III

A (en un estado, una situación) (+ compl):

me pones nerviosa you're making me nervous

ya la has puesto de mal humor now you've put her in a bad mood

¿por qué me pusiste en evidencia así? why did you show me up like that?

lo pusiste en un aprieto you put him in an awkward position

nos puso al corriente de lo sucedido he brought us up to date with what had happened

¡mira cómo has puesto la alfombra! look at the mess you've made on the carpet!

me estás poniendo las cosas muy difíciles you're making things very difficult for me

B (adoptar) ‹cara/voz›

no pongas esa cara there's no need to look like that

puso cara de enfado he looked annoyed

puso voz de asustado he sounded scared

C

1

(hacer empezar): el médico me puso a régimen the doctor put me on a diet

poner a algn A + INF:

tuvo que poner a las hijas a trabajar he had to send his daughters out to work

lo puso a estudiar guitarra con Rodríguez she sent him to have guitar lessons with Rodríguez

lo puso a pelar cebollas she set him to work peeling onions

2 poner a algn DE algo:

la pusieron de jefa de sección they made her head of department

lo pusieron de ángel he was given a part as an angel, he was given the part of an angel

su padre lo puso de botones en la oficina his father gave him a job as an office boy

siempre te pone de ejemplo he always holds you up as an example

D

(suponer): pon que perdemos ese tren, no podríamos volver say we miss that train o if we (were to) miss that train, then we wouldn't be able to get back

pon que es cierto ¿qué harías entonces? say o suppose o supposing it is true, then what would you do?

pongamos (por caso) que están equivocados suppose o let's just say they're wrong

ponerle ( AmL): ¿cuánto se tarda? — ponle dos horas how long does it take? — about two hours o in the region of two hours o reckon on two hours

¿cuánto nos costará? — y … pónganle alrededor de $200 how much will it cost us? — well, … you'd better reckon on about $200

Sentido IV

A

1 (conectar, encender) ‹televisión/calefacción› to turn o switch o put on; ‹programa/canal› to put on

pon un disco put on a record

puso el motor en marcha she switched on o started the engine

todavía no nos han puesto la luz we haven't had our electricity connected yet

2

(ajustar, graduar): pon el despertador a las siete set the alarm (clock) for seven

¿puedes poner la música un poco más alta? can you turn the music up a bit?

puso el reloj en hora she put the clock right, she set the clock to the right time

poner el motor a punto to tune up the engine

B

( Esp) (al teléfono): en seguida le pongo I'm just putting you through o connecting you

poner a algn CON algn/algo to put sb THROUGH TO sb/sth

¿me puede poner con el director, por favor? could you put me through to o could I speak to the director, please?

¿me pone con la extensión 24? could you put me through to o can I have extension 24, please?

■ poner

vi

A

1 ( Jueg) (apostar) to put in

2 (contribuir dinero) to contribute

¿vas a poner para el regalo de Pilar? are you going to give something o contribute toward(s) Pilar's present?

B «gallina» to lay

C ( Méx vulg) (copular) to score (sl)

■ ponerse

v pron

Sentido I

A

1 ( refl)

(colocarse): pongámonos un rato a la sombra let's sit ( o lie etc) in the shade for a while

ponerse de pie to stand up, stand

ponerse de rodillas to kneel, kneel down, get down on one's knees

ponte ahí, junto al árbol stand over there, by the tree

ponérsele a algn algo ( AmL fam): se le puso que tenía que escalar la montaña he got it into his head that he had to climb the mountain

a ese viejo se le pone cada cosa that old man gets the strangest ideas into his head

2

( Esp) (llegar): en diez minutos nos ponemos allí we can be there in ten minutes

B «sol» to set

C ( refl) ‹calzado/maquillaje/alhaja› to put on

ponte el abrigo put your coat on

no tengo nada que ponerme I don't have a thing to wear

mi hermano siempre se pone mi ropa my brother is always borrowing my clothes

ponte un poco de sombra de ojos put on a little eyeshadow

me puse el collar de perlas I wore o put on my pearl necklace

Sentido II

A (en un estado, una situación) (+ compl):

me puse furiosa I got very angry

cuando lo vio se puso muy contenta she was so happy when she saw it

adelante, pónganse cómodos come in, make yourselves comfortable

no te pongas así, que no es para tanto don't get so worked up, it's not that bad

¡mira cómo te has puesto de barro! just look at you, you're covered in mud!

no te imaginas cómo se puso, hecha una fiera you wouldn't believe the way she reacted, she went absolutely wild

la vida se está poniendo carísima everything's getting so expensive

B

1 (empezar) ponerse A + INF to start -ING

se va a poner a llover de un momento a otro it's going to start raining o to start to rain any minute

a ver si te pones a trabajar you'd better start working

se puso a llorar sin motivo aparente she started crying o to cry for no apparent reason

2 ( fam) (esforzarse, esmerarse) to try, make an effort

si te pones lo acabas hoy mismo if you make an effort o if you try o if you put your mind to it, you'll finish it today

3

(CS arg) (contribuir dinero): cuando se casaron el viejo se puso con $5.000 when they got married, her old man shelled out $5,000 ( colloq)

cuando llega la cuenta hay que ponerse when the check comes, everyone has to cough up ( colloq)

yo me pongo con cien I'll put in o chip in a hundred ( colloq)

Sentido III

( Esp) (al teléfono): ¿Pepe? sí, ahora se pone Pepe? OK, I'll just get him for you

dile a tu madre que se ponga tell your mother I want to speak to her, ask your mother to come to the phone

* * *

poner ( conjugate poner) verbo transitivo
1
a) ( colocar) to put;

◊ ponlo en el suelo put it on the floor;

ponle el collar al perro put the dog's collar on;
poner una bomba to plant a bomb
b) ‹anuncio/aviso› to place, put

c) ‹ ropa› (+ me/te/le etc):

◊ le puse el sombrero I put his hat on (for him)

2 ( agregar) to put
3 ‹inyección/supositorio› to give
4
◊ poner la mesa to lay o set the table

5 (instalar, montar)
a) ‹oficina/restaurante› to open

b) ‹cocina/teléfono/calefacción› to install

c) ‹cerradura/armario› to fit

6 [ ave] ‹ huevo› to lay
7 (Esp) (servir, dar):
◊ póngame un café, por favor I'll have a coffee, please;

¿cuántos le pongo? how many would you like?
1 ‹ dinero› ( contribuir) to put in;
◊ pusimos 500 pesos cada uno we put in 500 pesos each

2 ‹ atención› to pay;
‹cuidado/interés› to take;
◊ pon más cuidado en la presentación take more care over the presentation

3
a) ( imponer) ‹ deberes› to give, set;

‹examen/problema› to set;
◊ le pusieron una multa he was fined

b) ( oponer) ‹ inconvenientes› to raise;

◊ me pusieron problemas para entrar they made it difficult for me to get in

c) ( adjudicar) ‹ nota› to give

4 ( dar) ‹nombre/apodo› to give;
‹ ejemplo› to give;
◊ le pusieron Eva they called her Eva

5 ( enviar) ‹ telegrama› to send
6 ( escribir) ‹dedicatoria/líneas› to write
7 (Esp) (exhibir, dar) ‹ película› to show;
◊ ¿ponen algo interesante en la tele? is there anything interesting on TV?;

¿qué ponen en el Royal? what's on o what's showing at the Royal?
1
a) (conectar, encender) ‹televisión/calefacción› to turn on, switch on, put on;

‹programa/canal› to put on;
‹cinta/disco/música› to put on;
◊ puso el motor en marcha she switched on o started the engine

b) (ajustar, graduar) ‹ despertador› to set;

◊ pon la música más alta turn the music up;

puso el reloj en hora she put the clock right
2 (Esp) ( al teléfono): poner a algn con algo/algn to put sb through to sth/sb
(en estado, situación) (+ compl):
◊ poner a algn nervioso to make sb nervous;

poner a algn en un aprieto to put sb in an awkward position
vi [ ave] to lay
ponerse verbo pronominal
1 ( refl) ( colocarse):
◊ pongámonos ahí let's stand (o sit etc) there;

ponerse de pie to stand (up);
ponerse de rodillas to kneel (down), get down on one's knees
2 [ sol] to set
3 ( refl) ‹calzado/maquillaje/alhaja› to put on;
◊ no tengo nada que ponerme I don't have a thing to wear

1 (en estado, situación) (+ compl):
◊ ponerse enfermo to get sick;

se puso triste she became sad;
cuando lo vio se puso muy contenta she was so happy when she saw it;
se puso como loco he went mad;
ponerse cómodo to make oneself comfortable
2 ( empezar) ponerse a + inf to start -ing, to start + inf;
◊ se puso a llover it started raining, it started to rain

(Esp):
◊ ponerse al teléfono to come to the phone

poner verbo transitivo
1 (en un lugar, una situación) to put: me puso en un aprieto, he put me in a tight corner
(seguido de adjetivo) to make: me pone contento, he makes me happy
2 (hacer funcionar) to turn o switch on
3 (un fax, telegrama) to send
poner una conferencia, to make a long-distance call
4 (una multa, un castigo) to impose
5 (abrir un negocio) to set up
6 (vestir) to put on
7 (exponer) tienes que poner la planta al sol/a la sombra, you have to put the plant in the sun/shade
8 (aportar) yo puse mil pesetas, I contributed a thousand pesetas
9 (conjeturar, imaginar) to suppose: pongamos que..., supposing (that)...
10 (estar escrito) lo pone aquí, it's written here
no pone nada de eso, it doesn't say anything about that
11 TV Cine to put on, show
12 Tel ponme con él, put me through to him
13 (un nombre) le pondremos Tadeo, we are going to call him Tadeo
ya le puso título a la novela, he has already given the novel a title
♦ Locuciones: poner a alguien a caldo, to pull sb to pieces
poner a cien, to make sb nervous: me pone a cien cuando habla de ese modo, when he talks that way I get nervous
poner en duda, to call into question: los inversores pusieron su competencia en duda, the investors questioned his competence
poner a alguien en evidencia, to show sb up
poner en evidencia, to show up: la situación pone en evidencia la falta de justicia del sistema, the situation exposes the system's unfairness
poner a alguien en su sitio, to put sb in his place
' poner' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
activar
- alinear
- alta
- alto
- altura
- antecedente
- antena
- arreglar
- arrinconar
- aunar
- bandeja
- brete
- cabeza
- calzar
- caldo
- calle
- cara
- cargar
- carta
- caso
- cien
- codificar
- comprometer
- confiar
- coto
- crecer
- cuenco
- cuestión
- dejar
- denuncia
- depositar
- descomponer
- descubierta
- descubierto
- desesperar
- diente
- dirigir
- discutir
- distribuir
- enchufar
- enderezar
- enervar
- enfermar
- enfrentar
- enmascarar
- entregar
- entregarse
- escenificar
- escobilla
- esmerarse
English:
acquaint
- action
- apply
- arm
- arrange
- aside
- best
- blur
- bond
- box
- bracket
- bundle
- bung
- cap
- cast
- cheek
- claim
- code
- collect
- compromise
- connect
- cork
- crack
- cross
- crown
- curb
- date
- dip
- discomfit
- dishwasher
- egg
- end
- endanger
- excite
- face
- fault
- feature
- fetter
- fill in
- fit
- fluster
- follow up
- forewarn
- free
- gather
- get
- glaze
- go
- gown
- grin

* * *

poner

♦ vt

1. [situar, agregar, meter] to put;

me pusieron en la última fila I was put in the back row;

ponle un poco más de sal put some more salt in it, add a bit of salt to it;

pon los juguetes en el armario put the toys (away) in the cupboard;

¿dónde habré puesto la calculadora? where can I have put o left the calculator?;

poner un anuncio en el periódico to put an advert in the paper;

poner un póster en la pared to put a poster up on the wall;

poner una inyección a alguien to give sb an injection;

hubo que ponerle un bozal al perro we had to put a muzzle on the dog, we had to muzzle the dog

2. [ropa, zapatos, maquillaje]
poner algo a alguien to put sth on sb;

ponle este pañal al bebé put this Br nappy o US diaper on the baby

3. [servir]
¿qué le pongo? what can I get you?, what would you like?;

póngame una cerveza, por favor I'd like o I'll have a beer, please;

¿cuánto le pongo? how much would you like?;

póngame un kilo give me a kilo

4. [contribuir, aportar] to put in;

poner dinero en el negocio to put money into the business;

poner algo de mi/tu/ etc[m5]. parte to do my/your/ etc bit;

poner mucho empeño en (hacer) algo to put a lot of effort into (doing) sth;

pon atención en lo que digo pay attention to what I'm saying;

hay que poner más cuidado con o [m5] en la ortografía you have to take more care over your spelling

5. [hacer estar de cierta manera]
poner a alguien en un aprieto/de mal humor to put sb in a difficult position/in a bad mood;

le has puesto colorado/nervioso you've made him blush/feel nervous;

ponérselo fácil/difícil a alguien to make things easy/difficult for sb;

lo puso todo perdido she made a real mess;

el profesor nos puso a hacer cuentas the teacher gave us some sums to do;

llegó y nos puso a todos a trabajar she arrived and set us all to work;

pon la sopa a calentar warm the soup up;

me pusieron de aprendiz de camarero they had me work as a trainee waiter;

poner cara de tonto/inocente to put on a stupid/an innocent face

6. [calificar]
poner a alguien de algo to call sb sth;

me pusieron de mentiroso they called me a liar;

poner bien algo/a alguien to praise sth/sb;

poner mal algo/a alguien to criticize sth/sb

7. [oponer]
poner obstáculos a algo to hinder sth;

poner pegas a algo to raise objections to sth

8. [asignar] [precio] to fix, to settle on;
[multa] to give; [deberes, examen, tarea] to give, to set;
le pusieron (de nombre) Mario they called him Mario;

me han puesto (en el turno) de noche I've been assigned to the night shift, they've put me on the night shift;

le pusieron un cinco en el examen he got five out of ten in the exam

9. [comunicar] [telegrama, fax, giro postal] to send;
[conferencia] to make; Esp
¿me pones con él? can you put me through to him?;
Esp
no cuelgue, ahora le pongo don't hang up, I'll put you through in a second

10. [conectar, hacer funcionar] [televisión, radio] to switch o put on;
[despertador] to set; [instalación, gas] to put in; [música, cinta, disco] to put on;
pon la lavadora put the washing machine on;

pon el telediario put the news on;

puse el despertador a las seis/el reloj en hora I set my alarm clock for six o'clock/my watch to the right time;

¿te han puesto ya el teléfono? are you on the phone yet?, have they connected your phone yet?;

ponlo más alto, que no se oye turn it up, I can't hear it

11. [en el cine, el teatro, la televisión] to show;

anoche pusieron un documental muy interesante last night they showed a very interesting documentary;

¿qué ponen en la tele/en el Rialto? what's on the TV/on at the Rialto?;

en el Rialto ponen una de Stallone there's a Stallone movie on at the Rialto

12. [montar] to set up;

poner la casa to set up home;

poner un negocio to start a business;

ha puesto una tienda she has opened a shop;

han puesto una cocina nueva they've had a new Br cooker o US stove put in;

hemos puesto moqueta en el salón we've had a carpet fitted in the living-room;

poner la mesa to lay the table;

pusieron la tienda (de campaña) en un prado they pitched their tent o put their tent up in a meadow

13. [decorar] to do up;

han puesto su casa con mucho lujo they've done up their house in real style

14. [suponer] to suppose;

pongamos que sucedió así (let's) suppose that's what happened;

pon que necesitemos cinco días suppose we need five days;

poniendo que todo salga bien assuming everything goes according to plan;

¿cuándo estará listo? – ponle que en dos días when will it be ready? – reckon on it taking two days

15. Esp [decir] to say;

¿qué pone ahí? what does it say there?

16. [escribir] to put;

¿qué pusiste en la segunda pregunta? what did you put for the second question?

17. [huevo] to lay

18. RP [demorar] to take;

el tren pone media hora en llegar allá the train takes half an hour to get there

19. Fam [excitar]
esa actriz me pone that actress totally does it for me

♦ vi
[gallina, aves] to lay (eggs)
♦ v impersonal
Am Fam [parecer]
se me pone que… it seems to me that…

♦ See also the pronominal verb ponerse

* * *

poner

<part puesto> v/t

1 put;

poner en escena stage;

poner en marcha set in motion;

pongamos que let’s suppose o assume that

2 ropa put on

3 ( añadir) put in

4 RAD, TV turn on, switch on

5 la mesa set

6 ( escribir) put down

7 en periódico, libro etc say;

la crítica puso muy bien su última película the critics gave his last film very good reviews

8 negocio set up

9 telegrama send

10 huevos lay

11 AUTO marcha put the car in, move into

12 dinero deposit

13

:

poner a alguien furioso make s.o. angry;

ponerle a alguien con alguien TELEC put s.o. through to s.o.;

ponerle una multa a alguien fine s.o.

* * *

poner {60} vt

1) colocar: to put, to place

pon el libro en la mesa: put the book on the table

2) agregar, añadir: to put in, to add

3) : to put on (clothes)

4) contribuir: to contribute

5) escribir: to put in writing

no le puso su nombre: he didn't put his name on it

6) imponer: to set, to impose

7) exponer: to put, to expose

lo puso en peligro: she put him in danger

8) : to prepare, to arrange

poner la mesa: to set the table

9) : to name

le pusimos Ana: we called her Ana

10) establecer: to set up, to establish

puso un restaurante: he opened up a restaurant

11) instalar: to install, to put in

12) (with an adjective or adverb) : to make

siempre lo pones de mal humor: you always put him in a bad mood

13) : to turn on, to switch on

14) suponer: to suppose

pongamos que no viene: supposing he doesn't come

15) : to lay (eggs)

16)

poner a : to start (someone doing something)

lo puse a trabajar: I put him to work

17)

poner de : to place as

la pusieron de directora: they made her director

18)

poner en : to put in (a state or condition)

poner en duda: to call into question

poner vi

1) : to contribute

2) : to lay eggs

♦ See also the reflexive verb ponerse

* * *

poner vb

1. (colocar) to put [pt. & pp. put]

he puesto los libros en la estantería I've put the books on the shelf

2. (ropa, etc) to put on

ponle el abrigo al niño put the baby's coat on

3. (añadir) to put

¿le has puesto sal a las patatas? have you put any salt on the potatoes?

¿te pones azúcar? do you take sugar?

4. (escribir) to write [pt. wrote; pp. written] / to put

hay que poner la dirección en el sobre you have to write the address on the envelope

5. (programar) to set [pt. & pp. set]

he puesto el despertador a las siete I've set the alarm clock for seven

6. (encender) to put on / to turn on / to switch on

pon la tele turn the TV on

no pongas la radio muy alta don't put the radio on too loud

pon otro disco put another record on

7. (establecer) to open

han puesto una tienda de ordenadores they've opened a computer shop

8. (enviar) to send [pt. & pp. sent]

voy a poner un fax I'm going to send a fax

9. (comunicar) to put through

¿me pones con Asunción, por favor? can you put me through to Asunción, please?

10. (decir) to say [pt. & pp. said]

en el periódico pone que la película está muy bien it says in the newspaper that the film is very good

11. (proyectar) to be on

¿qué ponen en el Renoir? what's on at the Renoir?

esta noche no ponen nada interesante en la tele there's nothing interesting on TV tonight

12. (dar un nombre) to call

le han puesto Paula they've called her Paula

13. (imponer) to give [pt. gave; pp. given]

nos ponen muchos deberes they give us a lot of homework

le han puesto una multa he was fined

me han puesto un 8 I got 8 out of 10

14. (servir) to give

¿qué te pongo? what can I get you?

me puso una tapa de aceitunas he gave me some olives

¿me pone un kilo de tomates? can I have a kilo of tomatoes, please?

15. (aportar) to supply [pt. & pp. supplied] / to put in

yo pongo el pastel y tú traes el champán I'll supply the cake and you bring the champagne

pusimos mil pesetas cada uno we each put in a thousand pesetas

16. (suponer) to suppose / to say [pt. & pp. said]

pongamos por caso... suppose... / let's say...

poner cara de sorpresa to look surprised

poner huevos to lay eggs [pt. & pp. laid]

poner nervioso a alguien to get on somebody's nerves

Spanish-English dictionary > poner
8 Historical Portugal

   Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.

   A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.

   Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140

   The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."

   In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.

   The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.

   Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385

   Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in

   Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.

   The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.

   Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580

   The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.

   The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.

   What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.

   By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.

   Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.

   The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.

   By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.

   In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.

   Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640

   Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.

   Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.

   On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.

   Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822

   Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.

   Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.

   In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the

   Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.

   Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.

   Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.

   Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910

   During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.

   Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.

   Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.

   Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.

   Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.

   As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.

   First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26

   Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.

   The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.

   Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.

   The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74

   During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."

   Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.

   For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),

   and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.

   The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.

   With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.

   During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.

   The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.

   At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.

   The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.

   Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76

   Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.

   Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.

   In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.

   In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.

   In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.

   The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until

   UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.

   Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000

   After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.

   From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.

   Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.

   Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.

   In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.

   In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.

   Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.

    Contemporary Portugal

   Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.

   The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.

   Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.

   Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).

   All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.

   The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.

   After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.

   Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.

   Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.

   From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.

   Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.

   In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.

   An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal
9 оказвам

render, give, show

оказвам влияние exercise/exert influence (на on); bring influence to bear (on)

оказвам въздействие have an effect. (on)

оказвам натиск exert pressure, bring pressure to bear (on)

оказвам гостоприемство на entertain, show hospitality to, play host to

оказвам уважение внимание/предпочитание show respect/attention/preference

оказвам топъл прием на give a warm welcome/reception to, accord (s.o.) a warm welcome

оказвам почести revive-(s.o.) with honour

оказвам подкрепа/съдействие на lend o.'s support to, give (s.o.) o.'s support

оказвам помощ render (s.o.) assistance, help (s.o.)

оказвам съпротива show/offer resistance, put up resistance

оказвам отчаяна съпротива put up a desperate fight

оказвам услуга render/do a service (to)

оказвам се turn out

prove (to be); be found (to be)

оказа се, че it turned out that, it was found that

моите опасения се оказаха неоснователни my fears proved groundless

* * *

ока̀звам,

гл. render, give, show; \оказвам влияние exercise/exert influence (на on); bring influence to bear (on); \оказвам въздействие have an effect (on); \оказвам гостоприемство на entertain, show hospitality to, play host to; \оказвам отчаяна съпротива put up a desperate fight; \оказвам подкрепа/съдействие на lend o.’s support to, give (s.o.) o.’s support; \оказвам помощ render (s.o.) assistance, help (s.o.); \оказвам почести receive (s.o.) with honour; \оказвам съпротива show/offer resistance, put up resistance; \оказвам топъл прием на give a warm welcome/reception to, accord (s.o.) a warm welcome; \оказвам услуга render/do a service (to);

\оказвам се turn out; prove (to be); be found (to be); оказа се, че it turned out that, it was found that.

* * *

render (услуга); show: оказвам respect - оказвам уважение

* * *
1. prove (tо be);. be found (to be) 2. render, give, show 3. ОКАЗВАМ ce turn out 4. ОКАЗВАМ влияние exercise/exert influence (на on);bring influence to bear (on) 5. ОКАЗВАМ въздействие have an effect. (on) 6. ОКАЗВАМ гостоприемство на entertain, show hospitality to, play host to 7. ОКАЗВАМ натиск exert pressure, bring pressure to bear (on) 8. ОКАЗВАМ отчаяна съпротива put up a desperate fight 9. ОКАЗВАМ подкрепа/съдействие на lend o.'s support to, give (s.o.) o.'s support 10. ОКАЗВАМ помощ render (s.o.) assistance, help (s.o.) 11. ОКАЗВАМ почести revive-(s.o.) with honour 12. ОКАЗВАМ съпротива show/offer resistance, put up resistance 13. ОКАЗВАМ топъл прием на give a warm welcome/reception to, accord (s.o.) a warm welcome 14. ОКАЗВАМ уважение внимание/предпочитание show respect/attention/preference 15. ОКАЗВАМ услуга render/do a service (to) 16. моите опасения се оказаха неоснователни my fears proved groundless 17. оказа се, че it turned out that,. it was found that

Български-английски речник > оказвам
10 pedir

v.

1 to ask for.

pedir algo a alguien to ask somebody for something

pedir a alguien que haga algo to ask somebody to do something

pedir a alguien (en matrimonio) to ask for somebody's hand (in marriage)

pedir (prestado) algo a alguien to borrow something from somebody

pide un millón por la moto he's asking a million for the motorbike

Yo pido una pizza I ask for a pizza.

Yo le pido a María una pizza I ask Mary for a pizza.

Yo le pido a María I ask Mary.

2 to order.

¿qué has pedido de postre? what have you ordered for dessert?

3 to demand.

4 to call for, to need.

5 to beg.

6 to ask to, to request to.

Yo pedí hablar en la reunión I requested to talk at the meeting.

7 to require.

El caso pide una acción immediata The case requires immediate action.

* * *

pedir

Conjugation model [ SERVIR], like link=servir servir

► verbo transitivo

1 (gen) to ask for

■ me pidió el teléfono he asked me for my phone number

■ me pidió que la acompañara she asked me to go with her

2 (mercancías, en restaurante) to order

■ lo pedí por teléfono I ordered it over the phone

■ ¿qué has pedido de postre? what did you order for dessert?

3 (necesitar) to need, cry out for

■ este suelo está pidiendo a gritos un fregado this floor is crying out to be washed

► verbo intransitivo

1 (por la calle) to beg

■ siempre hay gente pidiendo there are always people begging

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

a pedir de boca just right, perfectly

pedir la cuenta to ask for the bill

pedir la mano de alguien to ask for somebody's hand in marriage

* * *

verb

1) to ask for, request

2) order

* * *

1. VT

1) (=rogar, solicitar) to ask for

¿habéis pedido ya la cuenta? — have you asked for the bill yet?

lo único que pido es que no llueva mañana — all I ask is that it doesn't rain tomorrow

necesito pedirte consejo — I need to ask your advice

a ti nadie te ha pedido tu opinión — nobody asked your opinion

estuve pidiendo auxilio durante un buen rato — I was calling for help for some time

una manifestación pidiendo la libertad de los secuestrados — a demonstration calling for the release of the hostages

llamé para pedir que me pusieran una canción — I phoned to request a song

• pedir cuentas a algn — to demand an explanation from sb

• pedir algo a Dios — to pray to God for sth

• pedir disculpas — to apologize

• pedir algo por favor, me pidió por favor que fuera discreto — he asked me to please keep it to myself

te lo pido por favor, quédate conmigo — please stay with me

• pedir hora — to make an appointment

• pedir limosna — to beg

• pedir la palabra — to ask for permission to speak

pido la palabra, señoría — permission to speak, my lord

• pedir perdón — (=disculparse) to apologize; [suplicando] to beg (for) forgiveness

• pedir permiso — to ask (for) permission

- te lo pido por Dios

- ¿qué más se puede pedir?

2) (Com) (=encargar) to order

he pedido unos zapatos por correo — I've ordered some shoes by post

tengo pedidos varios libros — I've got some books on order

3) [en un restaurante] to order; [en un bar] to ask for, order

de primero hemos pedido sopa — we've ordered soup as a starter

hemos pedido dos cafés y un té — we've asked for o ordered two coffees and a tea

4) [para casarse] to propose to

fue a su casa a pedirla — he went to her house to propose to her

mis dos hermanas ya están pedidas — my two sisters are already spoken for

• pedir la mano de algn — to ask for sb's hand

• pedir a algn en matrimonio — to ask for sb's hand in marriage

5) (Jur) [+ condena] to ask for

el fiscal pidió siete años de cárcel — the prosecution asked for a seven-year sentence

6) (=requerir) to need

esta planta pide mucho sol — this plant needs lots of sunlight

ese sofá pide una cortina azul — that sofa needs a blue curtain to go with it

• pedir algo a gritos o voces — to be crying out for sth

la casa está pidiendo a voces que la pinten — the house is crying out to be painted

7) (tb: pedir prestado) to borrow

tengo que pedirte unos libros — I need to borrow some books off you

me pidió prestado el coche — he asked if he could borrow the car, he asked to borrow the car

2. VI

1) (=rogar)

este niño está todo el día pidiendo — that child is always asking for things

• pedir por algn — (Rel) to pray for sb

pido a Dios por los difuntos — I pray to God for the dead

- por pedir que no quede

2) (=pedir dinero) [mendigo] to beg; [voluntario] to collect money

iba pidiendo por los vagones — he went begging from carriage to carriage

piden para una buena causa — they are collecting money for a good cause

3) [en un bar, restaurante] to order

¿habéis pedido ya? — have you ordered yet?
boca 1., 3)
3.

See:

pedirse
PEDIR ¿"Ask" o "ask for"? ► La expresión pedir algo se traduce por ask for something: Pidieron muchas cosas diferentes They asked for many different things Si el verbo pedir lleva dos complementos, el complemento de persona siempre va delante: Pídele un lápiz a la profesora Ask the teacher for a pencil ► La estructura pedir a alguien que haga algo, se traduce al inglés por ask + ((objeto)) + ((construcción de infinitivo)): Le pedí a mi hermana que me trajera una alfombra de Turquía I asked my sister to bring me a rug from Turkey Le pediremos que nos haga un descuento We'll ask him to give us a discount Si el contexto es más formal pedir también se puede traducir por request: Ambas partes en conflicto están pidiendo ayuda al extranjero Both sides are requesting help from abroad Para otros usos y ejemplos ver la entrada
* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1)

a) <dinero/ayuda> to ask for

pidieron un préstamo al banco — they asked the bank for a loan

pidió permiso para salir — she asked permission to leave

pide limosna — he begs (for money)

perdirle algo a alguien — to ask somebody for something

le pidió ayuda — he asked her for help

nadie (te) ha pedido tu opinión — nobody asked (for) your opinion

me pidió disculpas or perdón — he apologized (to me)

me pidió explicaciones or cuentas — he asked me to justify my actions

pedir hora — to make an appointment

pedir la palabra — to ask for permission to speak

¿qué más se puede pedir? — what more could you ask for?

me pidió que le enseñara — he asked me to teach him

pidió que lo trasladaran — he asked to be transferred; ver prestado

b) (en bar, restaurante) <plato/bebida> to order; < cuenta> to ask for

2) (Com)

a) ( como precio)

pedir algo POR algo — to ask something for something

¿cuánto pide por la casa? — how much is she asking for the house?

b) < mercancías> to order

3) ( para casarse)

pedir a una mujer en matrimonio — to ask for a woman's hand in marriage (frml)

4) ( requerir) to need

este pescado pide un vino blanco — this fish needs a white wine to go with it

esta planta está pidiendo a gritos que la rieguen — this plant is crying out to be watered
2.
pedir vi

a) ( mendigar) to beg

b) (en bar, restaurante) to order

c) ( para tener algo) (AmL) to ask

pidió para salir temprano — he asked if he could go early

estos niños sólo saben pedir — these children do nothing but make demands

* * *

= ask, ask for, have + calls for, call for, call on/upon, canvass, instruct, invite, order, plead for, request, require, prompt, bid, beg, howl for, cadge, call on/upon, bay.

Ex. This recommendation asks the cataloguer to ascertain the name by which an author is commonly known.

Ex. Good luck and don't hesitate to ask me or anyone on the management team for advice or assistance!.

Ex. For some while there have been calls for an abbreviated version of AACR, for small libraries and for non-cataloguers.

Ex. The main rules call for entry of societies under name and institutions under place.

Ex. This article calls on libraries to forge a renewed national commitment to cooperate in the building of a national information network for scholarly communications.

Ex. A change to 48% reduction instead of the present 24% is being canvassed, in order to keep the size within bounds, but this should not cause any serious problems in use, particularly as many modern microform readers have dual magnification.

Ex. Some of the above limitations of title indexes can be overcome by exercising a measure of control over the index terminology, and by inputting and instructing the computer to print a number of pre-determined links or references between keywords.

Ex. Members of the audience were invited to ask questions, make statements, and express themselves freely.

Ex. Edge notch cards are often ordered in a size tailored to the demands of the index, and can be purchased with any coding that the index designer specifies.

Ex. I would plead for more standardization, not less, because I think whatever we do is going to be imperfect.

Ex. Also, with online display, the user should be able to request displays indicating different levels of specificity.

Ex. If the library wants all users to have passwords, an authorization level of 1 can be assigned in the search function to force the system to require a password.

Ex. You will be prompted to choose a file; your last search will then be executed automatically in the file that you choose.

Ex. 'Sit down please,' he bade her.

Ex. A sociologist at Yale begs libraries to keep information from him - he says that information seeks him everywhere in this world of email, fax and telephone.

Ex. The article ' Howling for change' suggests what can be done to halt the decline of the book industry.

Ex. For the most part it is a story of bug-ridden rooms in working-men's hotels, of fights, drinking bouts, cheap brothels, Russian refugees, cadging.

Ex. The difference is only that an indexer is not usually called upon to appreciate the subtleties of the subject to the same extent as an abstractor.

Ex. If the Holocaust cannot be discussed freely then stop baying about freedom of speech.

----

* a pedir de boca = without a hitch.

* pedir ayuda = seek + assistance, seek + help.

* pedir ayuda a = enlist + the cooperation of.

* pedir con insistencia = urge, urging.

* pedir dinero prestado = borrow + money.

* pedir disculpas = eat + Posesivo + words, eat + humble pie, eat + crow, eat + dirt.

* pedir encarecidamente = urge, appeal for, make + a plea for, urging.

* pedir en préstamo = borrow.

* pedir especialmente = special order.

* pedir información = request + information.

* pedir información de = ask for + details of.

* pedir información sobre = enquire of [inquire of, -USA].

* pedir la cabeza de Alguien = bay for + Posesivo + blood.

* pedir la documentación = card.

* pedir la identificación = card.

* pedir la luna = cry for + the moon, ask for + the moon, reach for + the moon.

* pedir la opinión sobre = ask for + opinion on.

* pedirle cuentas a Alguien = bring + Nombre + to book.

* pedirle peras al olmo = cry for + the moon, ask for + the moon, reach for + the moon.

* pedir perdón = eat + Posesivo + words, eat + humble pie, eat + crow, eat + dirt.

* pedir prestado = borrow.

* pedir rescate por Algo = hold + Nombre + for ransom.

* pedir sugerencias = solicit + recommendations.

* pedir un deseo = make + a wish, mounting problems.

* pedir un préstamo = take + a loan.

* pedir un rescate = ransom.

* pedir venganza = bay for + vengeance, bay for + blood.

* persona que pide asilo = asylum seeker.

* salir a pedir de boca = come up + roses, go off without + a hitch.

* volver a pedir = reorder [re-order].

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1)

a) <dinero/ayuda> to ask for

pidieron un préstamo al banco — they asked the bank for a loan

pidió permiso para salir — she asked permission to leave

pide limosna — he begs (for money)

perdirle algo a alguien — to ask somebody for something

le pidió ayuda — he asked her for help

nadie (te) ha pedido tu opinión — nobody asked (for) your opinion

me pidió disculpas or perdón — he apologized (to me)

me pidió explicaciones or cuentas — he asked me to justify my actions

pedir hora — to make an appointment

pedir la palabra — to ask for permission to speak

¿qué más se puede pedir? — what more could you ask for?

me pidió que le enseñara — he asked me to teach him

pidió que lo trasladaran — he asked to be transferred; ver prestado

b) (en bar, restaurante) <plato/bebida> to order; < cuenta> to ask for

2) (Com)

a) ( como precio)

pedir algo POR algo — to ask something for something

¿cuánto pide por la casa? — how much is she asking for the house?

b) < mercancías> to order

3) ( para casarse)

pedir a una mujer en matrimonio — to ask for a woman's hand in marriage (frml)

4) ( requerir) to need

este pescado pide un vino blanco — this fish needs a white wine to go with it

esta planta está pidiendo a gritos que la rieguen — this plant is crying out to be watered
2.
pedir vi

a) ( mendigar) to beg

b) (en bar, restaurante) to order

c) ( para tener algo) (AmL) to ask

pidió para salir temprano — he asked if he could go early

estos niños sólo saben pedir — these children do nothing but make demands

* * *

= ask, ask for, have + calls for, call for, call on/upon, canvass, instruct, invite, order, plead for, request, require, prompt, bid, beg, howl for, cadge, call on/upon, bay.

Ex: This recommendation asks the cataloguer to ascertain the name by which an author is commonly known.

Ex: Good luck and don't hesitate to ask me or anyone on the management team for advice or assistance!.

Ex: For some while there have been calls for an abbreviated version of AACR, for small libraries and for non-cataloguers.

Ex: The main rules call for entry of societies under name and institutions under place.

Ex: This article calls on libraries to forge a renewed national commitment to cooperate in the building of a national information network for scholarly communications.

Ex: A change to 48% reduction instead of the present 24% is being canvassed, in order to keep the size within bounds, but this should not cause any serious problems in use, particularly as many modern microform readers have dual magnification.

Ex: Some of the above limitations of title indexes can be overcome by exercising a measure of control over the index terminology, and by inputting and instructing the computer to print a number of pre-determined links or references between keywords.

Ex: Members of the audience were invited to ask questions, make statements, and express themselves freely.

Ex: Edge notch cards are often ordered in a size tailored to the demands of the index, and can be purchased with any coding that the index designer specifies.

Ex: I would plead for more standardization, not less, because I think whatever we do is going to be imperfect.

Ex: Also, with online display, the user should be able to request displays indicating different levels of specificity.

Ex: If the library wants all users to have passwords, an authorization level of 1 can be assigned in the search function to force the system to require a password.

Ex: You will be prompted to choose a file; your last search will then be executed automatically in the file that you choose.

Ex: 'Sit down please,' he bade her.

Ex: A sociologist at Yale begs libraries to keep information from him - he says that information seeks him everywhere in this world of email, fax and telephone.

Ex: The article ' Howling for change' suggests what can be done to halt the decline of the book industry.

Ex: For the most part it is a story of bug-ridden rooms in working-men's hotels, of fights, drinking bouts, cheap brothels, Russian refugees, cadging.

Ex: The difference is only that an indexer is not usually called upon to appreciate the subtleties of the subject to the same extent as an abstractor.

Ex: If the Holocaust cannot be discussed freely then stop baying about freedom of speech.

* a pedir de boca = without a hitch.

* pedir ayuda = seek + assistance, seek + help.

* pedir ayuda a = enlist + the cooperation of.

* pedir con insistencia = urge, urging.

* pedir dinero prestado = borrow + money.

* pedir disculpas = eat + Posesivo + words, eat + humble pie, eat + crow, eat + dirt.

* pedir encarecidamente = urge, appeal for, make + a plea for, urging.

* pedir en préstamo = borrow.

* pedir especialmente = special order.

* pedir información = request + information.

* pedir información de = ask for + details of.

* pedir información sobre = enquire of [inquire of, -USA].

* pedir la cabeza de Alguien = bay for + Posesivo + blood.

* pedir la documentación = card.

* pedir la identificación = card.

* pedir la luna = cry for + the moon, ask for + the moon, reach for + the moon.

* pedir la opinión sobre = ask for + opinion on.

* pedirle cuentas a Alguien = bring + Nombre + to book.

* pedirle peras al olmo = cry for + the moon, ask for + the moon, reach for + the moon.

* pedir perdón = eat + Posesivo + words, eat + humble pie, eat + crow, eat + dirt.

* pedir prestado = borrow.

* pedir rescate por Algo = hold + Nombre + for ransom.

* pedir sugerencias = solicit + recommendations.

* pedir un deseo = make + a wish, mounting problems.

* pedir un préstamo = take + a loan.

* pedir un rescate = ransom.

* pedir venganza = bay for + vengeance, bay for + blood.

* persona que pide asilo = asylum seeker.

* salir a pedir de boca = come up + roses, go off without + a hitch.

* volver a pedir = reorder [re-order].

* * *

pedir [ I14 ]

vt

A

1 ‹dinero/ayuda› to ask for

pidieron un préstamo al banco they asked the bank for a loan

pidió permiso para salir she asked permission to leave

me pidió consejo he asked my advice, he asked me for advice

pide limosna a la puerta de la iglesia he begs (for money) at the church door

préstamelo, te lo pido por favor please lend it to me

si no me lo pides por favor no te lo doy I won't give it to you unless you say please o unless you ask nicely

pedir algo prestado ver prestado:

nadie te ha pedido (tu) opinión nobody asked (for) your opinion

me pidió disculpas or perdón por lo que había hecho he apologized for what he had done

pídele perdón a tu padre apologize to o say you're sorry to your father

¿quién eres tú para venir a pedirme cuentas or explicaciones? who do you think you are, asking me to justify my actions?

pedir hora to make an appointment

pedir la palabra to ask for permission to speak

pide cuatro años de cárcel para los acusados he is asking for a four-year sentence for the accused

es un sitio donde se come barato y bien, no se puede pedir más it's the sort of place where you can eat cheaply and well, what more could you ask for? o it's ideal

está haciendo todo lo posible, no se le puede pedir más she's doing all she can, you can't ask for more than that o that's all you can ask

pedir QUE + SUBJ:

me pidió que le comprara el periódico he asked me to buy him the newspaper

pidió que lo trasladaran he asked to be transferred

boca

2 (en un bar, restaurante) to order

pedimos pescado de segundo we ordered fish for our second course

pide la cuenta y nos vamos ask for o get the check ( AmE) o ( BrE) bill and we can go

B ( Com)

1 (como precio) pedir algo POR algo to ask sth FOR sth

¿cuánto pide por la casa? how much is she asking for the house?

2 ‹mercancías› to order

C

(para casarse): pedir a una mujer en matrimonio to ask for a woman's hand in marriage ( frml)

le pedí la mano de su hija I asked for his daughter's hand in marriage ( frml), I asked to marry his daughter

vino a pedir a mi hermana he came to ask if he could marry my sister

D (requerir) to need

este pescado pide un buen vino blanco this fish needs a good white wine to go with it, this fish would go well with a good white wine

ese vestido pide unos zapatos más altos that dress needs shoes with a higher heel

está pidiendo una bofetada she's asking for a slap

esta planta está pidiendo a gritos que la rieguen this plant is crying out to be watered

■ pedir

vi

1 (mendigar) to beg

pide a la puerta de la iglesia he begs at the church door

2 (en un bar, restaurante) to order

3 (para tener algo) ( AmL) to ask

pidió para salir temprano he asked if he could go early o he asked permission to go early

estos niños sólo saben pedir these chidren are very demanding o do nothing but make demands

■ pedirse

v pron

( leng infantil); to have dibs on ( AmE colloq), to bags ( BrE colloq)

me pido la cama de arriba I have dibs on the top bunk, I bags the top bunk

* * *

pedir ( conjugate pedir) verbo transitivo
1
a) ‹dinero/ayuda› to ask for;

◊ pidieron un préstamo al banco they asked the bank for a loan;

pidió permiso para salir she asked permission to leave;
pide limosna he begs (for money);
pedirle algo a algn to ask sb for sth;
le pidió ayuda he asked her for help;
me pidió disculpas or perdón he apologized (to me);
pedir hora to make an appointment;
pedir la palabra to ask for permission to speak;
me pidió que le enseñara he asked me to teach him;
ver prestado
b) (en bar, restaurante) ‹plato/bebida› to order;

‹ cuenta› to ask for
2 (Com)
a) ( como precio) pedir algo POR algo to ask sth for sth;

◊ ¿cuánto pide por la casa? how much is she asking for the house?

b) ‹ mercancías› to order

verbo intransitivo
a) (en bar, restaurante) to order

b) ( mendigar) to beg

pedir verbo transitivo
1 (un favor) to ask: me pidió que la ayudara, he asked me to help her
2 (una cosa) to ask for: el niño le pidió unos caramelos, the child asked him for some sweets ➣ Ver nota en ask
3 (en la tienda, en el bar, etc) to order
4 (limosna) to beg
5 (requerir, necesitar) to need: ese coche está pidiendo que lo laven, that car needs washing
♦ Locuciones: pedir a gritos, to cry out
pedir disculpas, to apologize
pedir prestado, to borrow
a pedir de boca, just fine
' pedir' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
apestosa
- apestoso
- bastar
- boca
- cita
- cobrar
- cuenta
- demandar
- disculpa
- hora
- luna
- pera
- perdón
- prestar
- requerir
- socorro
- voz
- asilo
- audiencia
- auxilio
- aventón
- cola
- excusar
- gorrear
- informe
- justicia
- limosna
- mano
- ordenar
- palabra
- palmada
- pida
- prestado
- qué
- raid
- turno
- vez
English:
apologetic
- appeal
- apply for
- appointment
- ask
- ask for
- asylum
- beg
- borrow
- clamor
- clamour
- cry out for
- formality
- get
- have
- invite
- may
- order
- permission
- propose
- request
- seek
- send away for
- send for
- send off for
- shall
- sorry
- summon
- tall order
- want
- wish
- write back
- write off
- apologize
- by
- call
- claim
- cry
- hitch
- impossible
- make
- might
- place
- send
- urge

* * *

pedir

♦ vt

1. [solicitar] to ask for;

pedir algo a alguien to ask sb for sth;

me pidió (mi) opinión she asked me (for) my opinion;

pedir un taxi (por teléfono) to ring for a taxi;

pedir a alguien que haga algo to ask sb to do sth;

le pido que sea breve, por favor I would ask you to be brief, please;

le pedí que saliera conmigo I asked her out;

pedir a alguien en matrimonio, pedir la mano de alguien to ask for sb's hand (in marriage);

pedir prestado algo a alguien to borrow sth from sb;

pide un millón por la moto he's asking a million for the motorbike;

no tienes más que pedirlo all you need to do is ask;

si no es mucho pedir if it's not too much to ask;

Comp
CAm, Méx
pedir raid to hitch a ride o Br lift

2. [en bares, restaurantes] to order;

¿qué has pedido de postre? what have you ordered for dessert?

3. [mercancías] to order;

pedir algo a alguien to order sth from sb

4. [exigir] to demand;

¡pido que se me escuche! I demand to be heard!;

le pedimos al gobierno una inmediata retirada de las tropas we demand that the government withdraw its troops immediately;

la acusación pide veinte años de cárcel the prosecution is asking for twenty years

5. [requerir] to call for, to need;

los cactus piden poca agua cacti don't need a lot of water;

esta cocina está pidiendo a gritos que la limpies this kitchen is crying out for you to clean it

♦ vi

1. [mendigar] to beg;

hay mucha gente pidiendo por la calle there are a lot of beggars in the streets

2. [en bares, restaurantes] to order;

¿han pedido ya? have you ordered?

3. [rezar]
pedir por el alma de alguien to pray for sb's soul

♦ See also the pronominal verb pedirse

* * *

pedir

I v/t

1 ask for;

pedir algo a alguien ask s.o. for sth;

me pidió que no fuera he asked me not to go;

te lo pido I beg you

2 ( necesitar) need

3 en bar, restaurante order

II v/i

1 ( mendigar) beg

2 en bar, restaurante order

* * *

pedir {54} vt

1) : to ask for, to request

le pedí un préstamo a Claudia: I asked Claudia for a loan

2) : to order (food, merchandise)

3)

pedir disculpas or

pedir perdón : to apologize

pedir vi

1) : to order

2) : to beg

* * *

pedir vb

1. (en general) to ask for

ha pedido una bicicleta a los Reyes Magos he's asked Father Christmas for a bicycle

¿cuánto piden por el cuadro? how much are they asking for the picture?

2. (un favor) to ask

te tengo que pedir un favor I've got to ask you a favour

3. (en restaurante) to order

¿qué has pedido de segundo? what have you ordered for your main course?

pedir disculpas to apologize

pedir hora to make an appointment

pedir / pedir limosna to beg [pt. & pp. begged]

pedir perdón to apologize

pedir prestado to borrow

Spanish-English dictionary > pedir
11 service

1. noun
1) (doing of work for employer etc.) Dienst, der

give good service — gute Dienste leisten

do service as something — als etwas dienen

he died in the service of his country — er starb in Pflichterfüllung für sein Vaterland

2) (something done to help others)

do somebody a service — jemandem einen guten Dienst erweisen

services — Dienste; (Econ.) Dienstleistungen

[in recognition of her] services to the hospital/state — [in Anerkennung ihrer] Verdienste um das Krankenhaus/den Staat

3) (Eccl.) Gottesdienst, der

4) (act of attending to customer) Service, der; (in shop, garage, etc.) Bedienung, die

5) (system of transport) Verbindung, die

there is no bus service on Sundays — sonntags verkehren keine Busse

the number 325 bus service — die Buslinie Nr. 325

6) (provision of maintenance)

[after-sale or follow-up] service — Kundendienst, der

take one's car in for a service — sein Auto zur Inspektion bringen

7) no pl., no art. (operation) Betrieb, der

bring into service — in Betrieb nehmen

out of service — außer Betrieb

take out of service — außer Betrieb setzen

go or come into service — in Betrieb genommen werden

8) (Tennis etc.) Aufschlag, der

whose service is it? — wer hat Aufschlag?

9) (crockery set) Service, das

dessert/tea service — Dessert-/Tee-Service, das

10) (assistance)

can I be of service [to you]? — kann ich Ihnen behilflich sein?

11) (person's behalf)

in his service — in seinem Auftrag

I'm at your service — ich stehe zu Ihren Diensten

12)

the consular service — der Konsulatsdienst

BBC World Service — BBC Weltsender

public service — öffentlicher Dienst

13) in pl. (Brit.): (public supply) Versorgungseinrichtungen

14) (Mil.)

the [armed or fighting] services — die Streitkräfte

in the services — beim Militär

15) (being servant)

be in/go into service — in Stellung sein/gehen (veralt.) ( with bei)
2. transitive verb
1) (provide maintenance for) warten [Wagen, Waschmaschine, Heizung]

take one's car to be serviced — sein Auto zur Inspektion bringen

2) (pay interest on) Zinsen zahlen für [Schulden]

* * *

(the ships of a country that are employed in trading, and their crews: His son has joined the merchant navy.) Handels-...

* * *

ser·vice

[ˈsɜ:vɪs, AM ˈsɜ:r-]

I. n

1. no pl (help for customers) Service m; (in hotels, restaurants, shops) Bedienung f

customer \service Kundendienst m

to be at sb's \service ( hum) jdm zu Diensten stehen hum

to offer \service Hilfe anbieten

2. (act of working) Dienst m, Dienstleistung f

3. ( form: assistance) Unterstützung f; (aid, help) Hilfe f; (being useful) Gefälligkeit f, [guter] Dienst

▪ to be of \service [to sb] [jdm] von Nutzen sein [o nützen]

I'm just glad to have been of \service es freut mich, dass ich mich ein wenig nützlich machen konnte

to need the \services of a surveyor einen Gutachter/eine Gutachterin brauchen

to do sb a \service jdm einen Dienst erweisen

to see some [or give good] \service ( fig) viel im Einsatz sein

these boots have seen some \service! diese Stiefel sind ziemlich strapaziert worden!

4. (public or government department) Dienst m

civil/diplomatic \service öffentlicher/diplomatischer Dienst

5. (system for public) Dienst m; (organization for public) Beratungsdienst m, Beratungsstelle f

ambulance \service Rettungsdienst m

bus/train \service Bus-/Zugverbindung f

counselling \service psychologischer Beratungsdienst

health \service Gesundheitsdienst m, Gesundheitswesen nt ÖSTERR, SCHWEIZ

prison \service Strafvollzug m

[public] transport \service [öffentliches] Transportwesen

6. (operation) Betrieb m

postal \service Postwesen nt, Post f fam

to operate a [normal/reduced] \service bus, train eine [normale/eingeschränkte] Verbindung unterhalten [o betreiben

7. (roadside facilities)

▪ \services pl Raststätte f

8. (tennis, etc.) Aufschlag m

to lose one's \service seinen Aufschlag abgeben

9. (armed forces) Militär nt

▪ the \services das Militär nt kein pl

to spend time [or be] in the \service beim Militär sein

to be [un]fit for \service militär[un]tauglich sein

military \service Militärdienst m

a career in the \services eine militärische Laufbahn

10. (religious ceremony) Gottesdienst m

funeral \service Trauergottesdienst m

morning/evening \service Frühmesse f/Abendandacht f

to go to [or attend] a \service zu einem Gottesdienst gehen, einen Gottesdienst besuchen

to hold a \service einen Gottesdienst [ab]halten

11. esp BRIT (maintenance check) Wartung f; AUTO Inspektion f

\service contract Wartungsvertrag m

to take one's car in for a \service sein Auto zur Inspektion bringen

12. (set of crockery) Service nt

tea \service Teeservice nt

13.

▶ to be in \service (employed as servant) in Stellung sein; (be in use, in operation) im Einsatz sein

II. vt

▪ to \service sth etw überholen [o überprüfen]; appliances etw warten

* * *
['sɜːvɪs]
1. n

1) Dienst m

his faithful service — seine treuen Dienste

services to one's country/the Queen (of soldier etc) — Dienst an seinem Vaterland/für die Königin

her services to industry/the country (politician, industrialist) —

he died in the service of his country — er starb in Pflichterfüllung für sein Vaterland

he has ten years' service behind him — er hat zehn Jahre Dienstzeit hinter sich (dat)

to do sb a service — jdm einen Dienst erweisen

to do or see good service —

this box did service as a table — diese Kiste hat schon als Tisch gedient

to be of service — nützlich sein

to be of service to sb —

it's of little service in an emergency — im Notfall nützt es wenig

to be at sb's service — jdm zur Verfügung stehen; (person also) jdm zu Diensten stehen

can I be of service to you? — kann ich Ihnen behilflich sein?

out of service — außer Betrieb

to need the services of a lawyer — einen Anwalt brauchen, einen Anwalt zuziehen müssen

2) (= operation) Betrieb m

to be out of service — außer Betrieb sein

to bring sth into service — etw in Betrieb nehmen

to come into service — in Betrieb genommen werden

"this number is not in service" ( US Telec ) — "kein Anschluss under dieser Nummer"

3) (MIL) Militärdienst m

to see service as a soldier/sailor — beim Militär/in der Marine dienen

when I was in the services — als ich beim Militär war

the three services — die drei Waffengattungen

4) (with adj attr = branch, department etc) -dienst m

telephone service — Telekommunikation f

BT offers different telephone services — BT bietet eine Reihe von (Telekommunikations)dienstleistungen an

medical service(s) — ärztliche Versorgung

5) (to customers) Service m; (in shop, restaurant etc) Bedienung f

6) (= bus, train, plane service etc) Bus-/Zug-/Flugverbindung f

to increase services in rural areas — den Verkehr or die Verkehrslage in ländlichen Gebieten verbessern

there's no service to Oban on Sundays — sonntags besteht kein Zug-/Busverkehr nach Oban

the number 12 (bus) service — die Linie 12

7) (= domestic service) Dienst m, Stellung f

to be in service (with sb) — (bei jdm) in Stellung sein, in jds Dienst (dat) stehen

to go into service (with sb) — (bei jdm) in Stellung gehen, in jds Dienst (acc) treten

8) (ECCL) Gottesdienst m

9) (of machines) Wartung f; (AUT = major service) Inspektion f

my car is in for/has had a service — mein Auto wird/wurde gewartet, mein Auto ist/war zur Inspektion

10) (= tea or coffee set) Service nt

11) (TENNIS) Aufschlag m

to lose one's service — seinen Aufschlag abgeben

whose service is it? — wer hat Aufschlag?

12) (JUR) Zustellung f

13) pl (commercial) Dienstleistungen pl; (gas, electricity, water) Versorgungsnetz nt

all the services have been cut off — Gas, Wasser und Strom sind abgestellt worden

14) pl (Brit MOT) Tankstelle und Raststätte f

2. vt

1) car, machine warten

to send a car to be serviced — ein Auto warten lassen; (major service) ein Auto zur Inspektion geben

2) area bedienen; committee etc zuarbeiten (+dat)

to service sb's needs — jds Bedürfnissen gerecht werden

3) cow, mare decken

4) (FIN) loan, debt bedienen

* * *

service¹ [ˈsɜːvıs; US ˈsɜr-]

A s

1. Dienst m, Stellung f (besonders von Hausangestellten):

be in service in Stellung sein;

take sb into one’s service jemanden einstellen;

year of service Dienstjahr n

2. Dienst m, Arbeit f

3. a) Dienstleistung f ( auch WIRTSCH, JUR), Dienst m (to an dat):

for services rendered für geleistete Dienste;

the service to our customers unser Kundendienst;

he paid her for her services er bezahlte sie für ihre Dienste

b) pl Verdienste pl (to um)

4. (guter) Dienst, Hilfe f, Gefälligkeit f:

to do ( oder render) sb a service jemandem einen Dienst erweisen;

at your service zu Ihren Diensten;

be (place) at sb’s service jemandem zur Verfügung stehen (stellen);

“On Her ( oder His) Majesty’s Service” Postwesen: Br „(gebührenfreie) Dienstsache“

5. WIRTSCH etc Bedienung f:

he had to wait five minutes for service er musste fünf Minuten warten, bis er bedient wurde

6. Nutzen m:

will it be of any service to you? kann es dir irgend etwas nützen?

7. (Nacht-, Nachrichten-, Presse-, Telefon- etc) Dienst m

8. a) Versorgung(sdienst) f(m)

b) Versorgungsbetrieb m:

(gas) water service (Gas-)Wasserversorgung

9. öffentlicher Dienst: → academic.ru/13161/civil_service">civil service, diplomatic A 1

10. Aufgabe f, Amt n, Funktion f (eines Staatsbeamten etc)

11. MIL

a) (Wehr-, Militär) Dienst m

b) meist pl Truppe f, Waffengattung f

c) Streitkräfte pl: → active A 8, armed² 1, senior A 3

12. MIL Aktion f, Unternehmen n

13. MIL US (technische) Versorgungstruppe

14. MIL Bedienung f (eines Geschützes etc)

15. meist pl Hilfsdienst m:

medical service(s)

16. TECH

a) Bedienung f

b) Betrieb m (einer Maschine etc):

in (out of) service in (außer) Betrieb;

service conditions Betriebsbedingungen, -beanspruchung f

17. TECH

a) Wartung f, AUTO auch Inspektion f

b) Service m, Kundendienst m (auch als Einrichtung)

18. BAHN etc Verkehr(sfolge) m(f), Betrieb m:

a twenty-minute service ein Zwanzig-Minuten-Verkehr

19. REL

a) Gottesdienst m

b) Liturgie f

20. MUS musikalischer Teil (der Liturgie):

Mozart’s service Mozart-Messe f

21. Service n (Essgeschirr etc):

a service for six ein Service für sechs Personen

22. JUR Zustellung f

23. JUR, HIST

a) (Art) Deputat n, Abgabe f

b) Dienstleistung f (für einen Feudalherrn)

24. SCHIFF Bekleidung f (eines Taues)

25. Service m, auch n:

a) Tennis etc: Aufschlag m:

hold one’s service sein Aufschlagspiel gewinnen, seinen Aufschlag durchbringen oder halten;

on one’s (own) service bei eigenem Aufschlag; → break¹ B 1

b) Volleyball: Aufgabe f

B v/t

1. TECH

a) warten, pflegen

b) überholen, instand setzen:

my car is being serviced mein Wagen ist bei der Inspektion oder beim Kundendienst

2. beliefern, versorgen ( beide:

with mit Material, Nachrichten etc)

3. ZOOL eine Stute etc decken

service² [ˈsɜːvıs; US ˈsɜr-] s BOT

1. Spierbaum m

2. auch wild service (tree) Elsbeerbaum m

serv. abk

1. servant

2. service

* * *
1. noun
1) (doing of work for employer etc.) Dienst, der

give good service — gute Dienste leisten

do service as something — als etwas dienen

he died in the service of his country — er starb in Pflichterfüllung für sein Vaterland

2) (something done to help others)

do somebody a service — jemandem einen guten Dienst erweisen

services — Dienste; (Econ.) Dienstleistungen

[in recognition of her] services to the hospital/state — [in Anerkennung ihrer] Verdienste um das Krankenhaus/den Staat

3) (Eccl.) Gottesdienst, der

4) (act of attending to customer) Service, der; (in shop, garage, etc.) Bedienung, die

5) (system of transport) Verbindung, die

there is no bus service on Sundays — sonntags verkehren keine Busse

the number 325 bus service — die Buslinie Nr. 325

6) (provision of maintenance)

[after-sale or follow-up] service — Kundendienst, der

take one's car in for a service — sein Auto zur Inspektion bringen

7) no pl., no art. (operation) Betrieb, der

bring into service — in Betrieb nehmen

out of service — außer Betrieb

take out of service — außer Betrieb setzen

go or come into service — in Betrieb genommen werden

8) (Tennis etc.) Aufschlag, der

whose service is it? — wer hat Aufschlag?

9) (crockery set) Service, das

dessert/tea service — Dessert-/Tee-Service, das

10) (assistance)

can I be of service [to you]? — kann ich Ihnen behilflich sein?

11) (person's behalf)

in his service — in seinem Auftrag

I'm at your service — ich stehe zu Ihren Diensten

12)

the consular service — der Konsulatsdienst

BBC World Service — BBC Weltsender

public service — öffentlicher Dienst

13) in pl. (Brit.): (public supply) Versorgungseinrichtungen

14) (Mil.)

the [armed or fighting] services — die Streitkräfte

in the services — beim Militär

15) (being servant)

be in/go into service — in Stellung sein/gehen (veralt.) ( with bei)
2. transitive verb
1) (provide maintenance for) warten [Wagen, Waschmaschine, Heizung]

take one's car to be serviced — sein Auto zur Inspektion bringen

2) (pay interest on) Zinsen zahlen für [Schulden]

* * *

n.

Betrieb -e m.

Dienst -e m.

Dienstleistung f.

Gottesdienst m.

Kundendienst m.

Wartung -en f. v.

warten v.

English-german dictionary > service
12 оказывать

несовер. - оказывать;
совер. - оказать( что-л.)
1) show;
render, do;
provide (помощь, поддержку и т.п.) оказывать кому-л. плохую услугу ≈ to do smb. an ill turn оказывать кому-л. услугу ≈ to do/render smb. a service;
to do smb. a good turn разг. оказывать посильную помощь ≈ to do what one can to help оказывать содействие кому-л. ≈ to render smb. assistance оказывать протекцию ≈ to patronize;
to pull strings/wires (for) разг. - оказывать помощь
2) exert/have (влияние) оказывать влияние
3) give (предпочтение, прием и т.п.) оказать радушный прием (кому-л.) ≈ to accord a hearty welcome оказать сердечный прием( кому-л.) ≈ to extend a cordial/warm welcome (to) оказывать холодный прием ≈ cold-shoulder
4) exert, put, apply, bring to bear (давление) оказывать моральное воздействие ≈ to bring moral pressure to bear оказывать давление ≈ to put pressure (upon), to bring pressure to bear
5) accord (уважение) ;
put (доверие) ;
extend (гостеприимство) оказывать честь кому-л. ≈ to do smb. the honour (of) оказывать почесть ≈ to do honour (to), to render homage (to) оказывать почтение ≈ to treat with respect/distinction
6) offer (сопротивление) не оказывать сопротивления оказывать сопротивление

, оказать (вн.) render (smth.), show* (smth.) ;
~ влияние на кого-л. exercise influence on smb. ;
~ внимание кому-л. show* smb. attention;
~ давление на кого-л., что-л. exert pressure upon smb., smth. ;
bring* pressure to bear upon smb., smth. ;
~ действие на кого-л., что-л. have* an effect on smb., smth. ;
~ содействие, помощь кому-л. render smb. assistance, help;
~ поддержку give* one`s support;
~ предпочтение кому-л. show* (a) preferance for smb. ;
~ сопротивление offer resistance;
~ упорное, отчаянное сопротивление put* up a desperate fight;
~ услугу кому-л. render smb. a service;
~ честь кому-л. do* smb. the honor;
~ почести кому-л. receive smb. with honor.

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > оказывать
13 establecer

v.

1 to establish.

no lograba establecer contacto con la torre de control he couldn't make o establish contact with the control tower

la policía no ha podido establecer la causa de su muerte the police have been unable to establish o determine the cause of death

las normas del club establecen que… the club rules state that…

Establecieron directrices They established guidelines.

Establecieron a Ricardo en la oficina They established Richard at the office.

2 to establish (instalar) (colonia, poblado).

* * *

establecer

Conjugation model [ AGRADECER], like link=agradecer agradecer

► verbo transitivo

1 (gen) to establish; (fundar) to found, set up

2 (récord) to set

3 (ordenar) to state, lay down, establish

■ tal como establece la ley as the law states

► verbo pronominal establecerse

1 (en un lugar) to settle; (en un negocio) to set up in business

* * *

verb

to establish, set up, found

- establecerse

* * *

1. VT

1) [+ relación, comunicación] to establish

han logrado establecer contacto con el barco — they've managed to make o establish contact with the boat

una reunión para establecer el precio del petróleo — a meeting to set o fix oil prices

han establecido controles policiales — they have set up police checkpoints

2) (=fundar) [+ empresa] to establish; [+ colonia] to settle

ha establecido su domicilio en Lugo — he's taken up residence in Lugo

3) (=dictaminar) to state, lay down

la ley establece que... — the law states o lays down that...

4) (=expresar) [+ idea, principio] to establish; [+ norma] to lay down; [+ criterio] to set

para establecer los límites de los poderes del presidente — to establish the extent of the President's powers

una comisión para establecer la verdad de los hechos — a commission to establish the truth about what happened

5) [+ récord] to set

2.

See:

establecerse

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1)

a) <colonia/dictadura> to establish; < campamento> to set up

estableció su residencia en Mónaco — he took up residence in Monaco

b) <relaciones/contacto> to establish

2) ( dejar sentado)

a) <criterios/bases> to establish, lay down; < precio> to fix, set; < precedente> to establish, set

conviene dejar establecido que... — we should make it clear that...

establecer un precedente — to establish o set a precedent

b) (frml) ley/reglamento ( disponer) to state, establish

c) < uso> to establish

d) <récord/marca/moda> to set

3) ( determinar) to establish
2.
establecerse v pron colono/emigrante to settle; comerciante/empresa to set up

se estableció por su cuenta — he set up on his own

* * *

= call for, determine, establish, institute, instruct, lay down, set, set up, settle, map out, set forth, set out, bring into + being.

Ex. The main rules call for entry of societies under name and institutions under place.

Ex. This assignment of intellectual responsibility is important, as we have seen earlier, since it determines the heading for the main entry.

Ex. The intention is to establish a general framework, and then to give exceptions or further explanation and examples for each area in turn.

Ex. The librarians have instituted a series of campaigns, including displays and leaflets on specific issues, eg family income supplement, rent and rates rebates, and school grants.

Ex. Some of the above limitations of title indexes can be overcome by exercising a measure of control over the index terminology, and by inputting and instructing the computer to print a number of pre-determined links or references between keywords.

Ex. He was the son of a bricklayer who laid down as early as 1859 that 'the assistance of readers in their researches' is one of the duties that 'have daily to be provided for' in ordinary public libraries.

Ex. If no fines are to be charged for a particular combination of borrower and material type, set the maximum fine to zero.

Ex. The searcher now decides to set up an SDI profile.

Ex. Once the name to be used in a heading and its form have been settled, it is time to decide upon the entry element, or in more general terms, to examine the preferred order of the components of a name as the name is to appear as a heading.

Ex. Down the years, the information industry has mapped out for itself the categories of information with which it is prepared to deal.

Ex. She sets forth some of the conditions which may have led to this situation in the hope that it may bring about further study.

Ex. The regulation sets out the requirement for compulsory notification of agreements to the Commission and gives the Commission powers to grant exemption to the rules.

Ex. MARC was brought into being originally to facilitate the creation of LC catalogue cards.

----

* establecer alianzas = make + alliances.

* establecer canales para = establish + channels for.

* establecer características = lay down + features.

* establecer comparaciones = make + comparisons.

* establecer comparaciones entre elementos comparables = compare + like with like.

* establecer conexión = establish + link, make + connection.

* establecer contacto = make + contact.

* establecer contactos = liaise (with/between).

* establecer contactos profesionales = networking.

* establecer criterios para = make + provision for.

* establecer directrices = chart + direction.

* establecer disposiciones para = make + provisions for.

* establecer el contexto = set + context.

* establecer el origen de = trace + the origin of.

* establecer el tema = set + the theme.

* establecer el tono = set + the theme.

* establecer equivalencias entre = map onto/to.

* establecer lazos afectivos = bond.

* establecer límites = draw + limits.

* establecer norma = legislate.

* establecer normas = make + provision, establish + standards.

* establecer normas de funcionamiento = establish + policy.

* establecer normativa = govern.

* establecer prioridades = prioritise [prioritize, -USA], establish + priorities, set + priorities.

* establecer reglas = make + provision.

* establecer reglas para = lay down + rules for.

* establecer relaciones = build + relationships, develop + relationships, develop + relations, build + relations, structure + relationships.

* establecer relaciones con = forge + links with, forge + relationships with, forge + ties.

* establecerse = settle in, settle down.

* establecer sectores = sectoring.

* establecer una analogía = draw + analogy.

* establecer una colaboración = forge + collaboration.

* establecer una condición = specify + requirement.

* establecer una conexión = achieve + connection.

* establecer una convención = establish + convention.

* establecer un acuerdo = work out + agreement.

* establecer una diferencia = draw + demarcation.

* establecer una norma = lay down + standard, set down + rule.

* establecer una normalización = impose + standardization.

* establecer una política = institute + policy.

* establecer una regla = frame + rule.

* establecer un equilibrio = establish + a balance.

* establecer un límite = set + limit.

* establecer un norma = give + prescription.

* establecer un paralelismo = draw + parallel.

* establecer un paralelo = draw + parallel.

* establecer un principio = establish + principle, set forth + cause.

* establecer un record = establish + a record.

* establecer un vínculo = provide + an interface.

* establecer valores = establish + values.

* establecer vínculos afectivos = bond.

* volver a establecer equivalencias = remap.

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1)

a) <colonia/dictadura> to establish; < campamento> to set up

estableció su residencia en Mónaco — he took up residence in Monaco

b) <relaciones/contacto> to establish

2) ( dejar sentado)

a) <criterios/bases> to establish, lay down; < precio> to fix, set; < precedente> to establish, set

conviene dejar establecido que... — we should make it clear that...

establecer un precedente — to establish o set a precedent

b) (frml) ley/reglamento ( disponer) to state, establish

c) < uso> to establish

d) <récord/marca/moda> to set

3) ( determinar) to establish
2.
establecerse v pron colono/emigrante to settle; comerciante/empresa to set up

se estableció por su cuenta — he set up on his own

* * *

= call for, determine, establish, institute, instruct, lay down, set, set up, settle, map out, set forth, set out, bring into + being.

Ex: The main rules call for entry of societies under name and institutions under place.

Ex: This assignment of intellectual responsibility is important, as we have seen earlier, since it determines the heading for the main entry.

Ex: The intention is to establish a general framework, and then to give exceptions or further explanation and examples for each area in turn.

Ex: The librarians have instituted a series of campaigns, including displays and leaflets on specific issues, eg family income supplement, rent and rates rebates, and school grants.

Ex: Some of the above limitations of title indexes can be overcome by exercising a measure of control over the index terminology, and by inputting and instructing the computer to print a number of pre-determined links or references between keywords.

Ex: He was the son of a bricklayer who laid down as early as 1859 that 'the assistance of readers in their researches' is one of the duties that 'have daily to be provided for' in ordinary public libraries.

Ex: If no fines are to be charged for a particular combination of borrower and material type, set the maximum fine to zero.

Ex: The searcher now decides to set up an SDI profile.

Ex: Once the name to be used in a heading and its form have been settled, it is time to decide upon the entry element, or in more general terms, to examine the preferred order of the components of a name as the name is to appear as a heading.

Ex: Down the years, the information industry has mapped out for itself the categories of information with which it is prepared to deal.

Ex: She sets forth some of the conditions which may have led to this situation in the hope that it may bring about further study.

Ex: The regulation sets out the requirement for compulsory notification of agreements to the Commission and gives the Commission powers to grant exemption to the rules.

Ex: MARC was brought into being originally to facilitate the creation of LC catalogue cards.

* establecer alianzas = make + alliances.

* establecer canales para = establish + channels for.

* establecer características = lay down + features.

* establecer comparaciones = make + comparisons.

* establecer comparaciones entre elementos comparables = compare + like with like.

* establecer conexión = establish + link, make + connection.

* establecer contacto = make + contact.

* establecer contactos = liaise (with/between).

* establecer contactos profesionales = networking.

* establecer criterios para = make + provision for.

* establecer directrices = chart + direction.

* establecer disposiciones para = make + provisions for.

* establecer el contexto = set + context.

* establecer el origen de = trace + the origin of.

* establecer el tema = set + the theme.

* establecer el tono = set + the theme.

* establecer equivalencias entre = map onto/to.

* establecer lazos afectivos = bond.

* establecer límites = draw + limits.

* establecer norma = legislate.

* establecer normas = make + provision, establish + standards.

* establecer normas de funcionamiento = establish + policy.

* establecer normativa = govern.

* establecer prioridades = prioritise [prioritize, -USA], establish + priorities, set + priorities.

* establecer reglas = make + provision.

* establecer reglas para = lay down + rules for.

* establecer relaciones = build + relationships, develop + relationships, develop + relations, build + relations, structure + relationships.

* establecer relaciones con = forge + links with, forge + relationships with, forge + ties.

* establecerse = settle in, settle down.

* establecer sectores = sectoring.

* establecer una analogía = draw + analogy.

* establecer una colaboración = forge + collaboration.

* establecer una condición = specify + requirement.

* establecer una conexión = achieve + connection.

* establecer una convención = establish + convention.

* establecer un acuerdo = work out + agreement.

* establecer una diferencia = draw + demarcation.

* establecer una norma = lay down + standard, set down + rule.

* establecer una normalización = impose + standardization.

* establecer una política = institute + policy.

* establecer una regla = frame + rule.

* establecer un equilibrio = establish + a balance.

* establecer un límite = set + limit.

* establecer un norma = give + prescription.

* establecer un paralelismo = draw + parallel.

* establecer un paralelo = draw + parallel.

* establecer un principio = establish + principle, set forth + cause.

* establecer un record = establish + a record.

* establecer un vínculo = provide + an interface.

* establecer valores = establish + values.

* establecer vínculos afectivos = bond.

* volver a establecer equivalencias = remap.

* * *

establecer [E3 ]

vt

A

1 ‹colonia› to establish; ‹campamento› to set up

estableció su residencia en Mónaco he took up residence in Monaco

2 ‹relaciones/comunicaciones/contacto› to establish

3 ‹dictadura› to establish, set up

B (dejar sentado)

1 ‹criterios/bases› to establish, lay down; ‹precio› to fix, set

conviene dejar establecido que … we should make it clear that …

establecer un precedente to establish o set a precedent

2 ( frml); «ley/reglamento» (disponer) to state, establish

como se establece en la Constitución as laid down o established in the Constitution

tres veces el precio establecido por la ley three times the legal price

3 ‹uso› to establish; ‹moda› to set

4 ‹récord/marca› to set

C (determinar) to establish

no se ha podido establecer qué fue lo que ocurrió it has been impossible to ascertain o establish exactly what happened

■ establecerse

v pron

1 «colono/emigrante» to settle

2 «comerciante/empresa» to set up

se estableció por su cuenta he set up his own business ( o practice etc), he set up on his own

* * *

establecer ( conjugate establecer) verbo transitivo
1
a) ‹colonia/dictadura› to establish;

‹ campamento› to set up;
◊ estableció su residencia en Mónaco he took up residence in Monaco

b) ‹relaciones/contacto› to establish

2 ( dejar sentado)
a) ‹criterios/bases› to establish, lay down;

‹ precio› to fix, set;
‹ precedente› to establish, set
b) (frml) [ley/reglamento] ( disponer) to state, establish

c) ‹récord/marca/moda› to set;

‹ uso› to establish
3 ( determinar) to establish
establecerse verbo pronominal [colono/emigrante] to settle;
[comerciante/empresa] to set up
establecer verbo transitivo to establish
(un récord) to set (up)
' establecer' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
conectar
- disponer
- fijar
- implantar
- sentar
- consagrar
- determinar
- montar
English:
ascertain
- establish
- get at
- institute
- lay down
- networking
- open up
- parallel
- pattern
- prioritize
- set
- set down
- set up
- standard
- timetable
- bond
- determine
- dictate
- draw
- empathize
- get
- issue
- lay
- open
- pin
- state

* * *

establecer

♦ vt

1. [instalar] [colonia, poblado] to establish;
[campamento, negocio, sucursal] to set up;
establecer residencia en to take up residence in

2. [fijar, emprender] [régimen, relaciones, comunicación] to establish;
[costumbre] to introduce; [moda] to start; [récord] to set;
no lograba establecer contacto con la torre de control he couldn't make o establish contact with the control tower

3. [expresar] [principios, criterios] to establish, to lay down;
[teoría, hipótesis] to formulate;
estableció las bases de la física moderna he laid the foundations of modern physics

4. [estipular] to state, to stipulate;

las normas del club establecen que… the club rules state that…;

según establece la ley,… as stipulated by law,…

5. [averiguar] to establish, to determine;

la policía no ha podido establecer la causa de su muerte the police have been unable to establish o determine the cause of death

♦ See also the pronominal verb establecerse

* * *

establecer

v/t

1 establish

2 negocio set up

* * *

establecer {53} vt

fundar, instituir: to establish, to found, to set up

♦ See also the reflexive verb establecerse

* * *

establecer vb

1. (crear) to set up [pt. & pp. set]

han establecido una nueva sucursal aquí they've set up another branch here

2. (demostrar) to establish

Newton estableció que... Newton established that...

3. (ordenar) to state

la constitución establece que... the constitution states that...

Spanish-English dictionary > establecer
14 отивам

1. go (в, на to)

(на път съм) be bound (в for)

(упътвам се) head (for)

(за път и пр.) lead

как се отива в...? how does one get to...? отивам на бакалницата/аптеката/пазар/училище/работа/театър/кино/концерт go to the grocer's/the chemist's/market/school/work/the theatre/the cinema/a concert

не отивам на работа/училище stay away from work/school

отивам да си легна go to bed

отивам на лекар see a doctor

отивам на зъболекар visit the dentist

отивам войник go for a soldier, join up

отивам на разходка go for a walk

отивам на екскурзия go on a hike. go hiking, go for an outing

отивам а лов/риболов go hunting/fishing

отивам на планината go up into the mountains

отивам в отпуска go on leave

отивам във ваканция go on o.'s vacation, go away for the holidays

отивам отново при rejoin

отивам накриво (за храна и пр.) go the wrong way

отивам между хората go out into the world

отивам сред народа go out among the people

отивам на село go into the country

отивам с кола и пр. go by car etc.

отивам напред go/move forward

отивам по-далеч go/get farther

отивам една стъпка по-далеч go one slop further

отивам още по-далеч прен. go one better

отивам твърде далеч прен. overreach o.s., overshoot o.s./the mark

не отивам по-далеч not go further (than), stop short (of), прен. leave it at that

отивам докъдето мога go as far as one can

отивам до най-малките подробности go into the minutest details

отивам дотам да go to the length of (c ger.)

отивам надясно/наляво прен. drift to the right/left

отивам към благоденствие march towards prosperity

отивам към катастрофа drift towards catastrophy

отивам към края си proceed to its close

отивам на смърт go to o.'s death

отивам на добре/зле take a turn for the better/the worse

take a good/bad turn; добре (за болен) do fine

отивам към подобрение be on the mend

отивам много добре make excellent progress

работите отиват добре things are going nicely/smoothly

работите не отиват добре things are in a sad state, things are getting worse

отивам надолу go downhill (и прен.)

отивам да взема go to get/fetch, go and fetch

отивам да донеса go and bring

отивам да видя go to/and see

отивам да търся go in search of, go looking for, go and seek

отивам да си търся късмета go ard seek o.'s fortune

отивам на помощ на go to the help/aid/assistance of

отивам против run counter (to)

отивам против себе си defeat o.'s own object/purpose/ends

отивам против собствените си интереси stand in o.'s own light

отивам против истината offend against truth

отивам против фактите go against facts

отивам против целите на правосъдието defeat the ends of justice

2. отивам си go/get/turn away

go o.'s way. take o.s. off; ( откъсвам се) tear o.s. away

(прибирам се) go home

(за живот. ден) decline

отивам си бързо hurry away

отивам ся с празни ръце go empty-handed

отивам си разочарован come away disillusioned

отивам си, без да съм разбрал/научил/узнал нещо come away none the wiser

отивам си (съм на края на живота си и пр.) be on the way out

отивам си от тоя свят depart (from) this life

правителството, което си отива the administration that is on the way out; the outgoing administration

3. (приближавам се) approach, near

отивам към approach/be nearing/be verging on

отивам към привършване near completion

отива към 8 часа it is going for 8 o'clock

4. (бивам изразходван, използуван) go (за on), be spent (on), be used (for)

сума пари отиват за... a lot of money goes on...

за един костюм отиват 4 метра плат it takes 4 metres of material to make a suit

пет лева къде не са отишли what is five levs

5. (бивам похабен) be spent

отивам напразно go to waste, go

* * *

отѝвам,

гл.

1. go (в, на to); (на път съм) be bound (в for); ( упътвам се) head (for); (за път и пр.) lead; как се отива в …? how does one get to …? не \отивам на работа/училище stay away from work/school; не \отивам по-далеч not go further (than), stop short (of), прен. leave it at that; \отивам в отпуска go on leave; \отивам войник go for a soldier, join up; \отивам във ваканция go on o.’s vacation, go away for the holidays; \отивам да си легна go to bed; \отивам да търся go in search of, go looking for, go and seek; \отивам до най-малките подробности go into the minutest details; \отивам добре (за болен) do fine; \отивам докъдето мога go as far as one can; \отивам дотам да go to the length of (с ger.); \отивам към благоденствие march towards prosperity; \отивам към катастрофа drift towards catastrophe; \отивам към края си proceed to its close; \отивам към подобрение be on the mend; \отивам между хората go out into the world; \отивам на добре/зле take a turn for the better/the worse; take a good/bad turn; \отивам на екскурзия go on a hike, go hiking, go for an outing; \отивам на зъболекар visit the dentist; \отивам на лекар see a doctor; \отивам на лов/риболов go hunting/fishing; \отивам на помощ на go to the help/aid/assistance of; \отивам на село go into the country; \отивам надолу go downhill (и прен.); \отивам надясно/наляво прен. drift to the right/left; \отивам накриво (за храна и пр.) go the wrong way; \отивам отново при rejoin; \отивам още по-далеч прен. go one better; \отивам против run counter (to); \отивам против истината offend against truth; \отивам против себе си defeat o.’s own object/purpose/ends; \отивам против собствените си интереси stand in o.’s own light; \отивам против целите на правосъдието defeat the ends of justice; \отивам с кола и пр. go by car etc.; \отивам сред народа go out among the people; \отивам твърде далеч прен. overreach o.s., overshoot o.s./the mark; работите не отиват добре things are in a sad state, things are getting worse; работите отиват добре things are going nicely/smoothly;

2. ( приближавам се) approach, near; отива към 5 часа it is going for 5 o’clock; \отивам към привършване near completion; \отивам към 40 approach 40, be nearing 40, be verging on 40;

3. ( бивам изразходван, използван) go (за on), be spent (on), be used (for); за един костюм отиват 3 метра плат it takes 3 metres of material to make a suit; пет лева къде не са отишли what is five levs;

4. ( бивам похабен) be spent; \отивам на вятъра be wasted, be thrown away, go for nothing; разг. go down the drain/tube; \отивам напразно go to waste, go wasted; (за живот) be spent in vain;

\отивам си 1. go/get/turn away; go o.’s way, take o.s. off; ( откъсвам се) tear o.s. away; ( прибирам се) go home; (за живот, ден) decline; ( съм на края на живота си) разг. peg out; \отивам си ( съм на края на живота си и пр.) be on the way out; \отивам си, без да съм разбрал/научил/узнал нещо come away none the wiser; \отивам си бързо hurry away; \отивам си от тоя свят depart (from) this life; \отивам си разочарован come away disillusioned; \отивам си с празни ръце go empty-handed; правителството, което си отива the administration that is on the way out; the outgoing administration;

2. ( подхождам) suit, fit, sit well (on); отиват си (за цветове и пр.) go well together; тия цветове не си отиват these colours don’t match, these colours clash; • отиде ( умря, загина) he is gone; \отивам по реда си ( умирам) go the way of all flesh; отиде, та се не видя it vanished into thin air, ( свърши се) that’s the end; отиде тя we’ll never hear the end of it.

* * *

go: отивам for a walk - отивам на разходка, отивам fishing - отивам за риба, отивам to the cinema - отивам на кино, He went too far. - Той отиде твърде далече.; match (съответствам); proceed

* * *
1. (бивам изразходван, използуван) go (за on), be spent (on), be used (for) 2. (за живот. ден) decline 3. (за път и пр.) lead 4. (на път съм) be bound (в for) 5. (прибирам се) go home 6. (приближавам се) approach. near 7. (упътвам се) head (for) 8. 1 (бивам похабен) be spent 9. 11 метра плат it takes 10. 12 metres of material to make a suit 11. 4 approach 12. 5, be nearing 13. 6, be verging on 14. 7; ОТИВАМ към привършване near completion 15. 8 часа it is going for 16. 9 o'clock 17. go (в, на to) 18. go o.'s way. take o. s. off: (откъсвам се) tear о. s. away 19. take a good/bad turn:-добре (за болен) do fine 20. ОТИВАМ а лов/риболов go hunting/fishing 21. ОТИВАМ в отпуска go on leave 22. ОТИВАМ войник go for a soldier, join up 23. ОТИВАМ във ваканция go on o.'s vacation, go away for the holidays 24. ОТИВАМ да взема go to get/fetch, go and fetch 25. ОТИВАМ да видя go to/and see 26. ОТИВАМ да донеса go and bring 27. ОТИВАМ да си легна go to bed 28. ОТИВАМ да си търся късмета go ard seek o.'s fortune 29. ОТИВАМ да търся go in search of, go looking for, go and seek 30. ОТИВАМ до най-малките подробности go into the minutest details 31. ОТИВАМ докъдето мога go as far as one can 32. ОТИВАМ дотам да go to the length of (c ger.) 33. ОТИВАМ една стъпка по-далеч go one slop further 34. ОТИВАМ към 35. ОТИВАМ към благоденствие march towards prosperity 36. ОТИВАМ към катастрофа drift towards catastrophy 37. ОТИВАМ към края си proceed to its close 38. ОТИВАМ към подобрение be on the mend 39. ОТИВАМ между хората go out into the world 40. ОТИВАМ много добре make excellent progress 41. ОТИВАМ на добре/зле take a turn for the better/the worse 42. ОТИВАМ на екскурзия go on a hike. go hiking, go for an outing 43. ОТИВАМ на зъболекар visit the dentist 44. ОТИВАМ на лекар see a doctor 45. ОТИВАМ на планината go up into the mountains 46. ОТИВАМ на помощ на go to the help/aid/assistance of 47. ОТИВАМ на разходка go for a walk 48. ОТИВАМ на село go into the country 49. ОТИВАМ на смърт go to o.'s death 50. ОТИВАМ надолу go downhill (u прен.) 51. ОТИВАМ надясно/наляво прен. drift to the right/left 52. ОТИВАМ накриво (за храна и пр.) go the wrong way 53. ОТИВАМ напразно go to waste, go 54. ОТИВАМ напред go/ move forward 55. ОТИВАМ отново при rejoin 56. ОТИВАМ още по-далеч прен. go one better 57. ОТИВАМ по-далеч go/get farther 58. ОТИВАМ против run counter (to) 59. ОТИВАМ против истината offend against truth 60. ОТИВАМ против себе си defeat o.'s own object/purpose/ends 61. ОТИВАМ против собствените си интереси stand in o.'s own light 62. ОТИВАМ против фактите go against facts 63. ОТИВАМ против целите на правосъдието defeat the ends of justice 64. ОТИВАМ с кола и пр. go by car etc. 65. ОТИВАМ си (съм на края на живота си и пр.) be on the way out 66. ОТИВАМ си go/get/turn away 67. ОТИВАМ си бързо hurry away 68. ОТИВАМ си от тоя свят depart (from) this life 69. ОТИВАМ си разочарован come away disillusioned 70. ОТИВАМ си, без да съм разбрал/научил/узнал нещо come away none the wiser 71. ОТИВАМ ся с празни ръце go empty-handed 72. ОТИВАМ твърде далеч прен. overreach o.s., overshoot o.s./ the mark 73. ОТИВАМcpeд народа go out among the people 74. за един костюм отиват 75. как се отива в... ? how does one get to... ? ОТИВАМ на бакалницата/ аптеката/пазар/училище/работа/театър/ кино/ концерт go to the grocer's/the chemist's/ market/school/work/the theatre/the cinema/ a concert 76. не ОТИВАМ на работа/училище stay away from work/school 77. не ОТИВАМ по-далеч not go further (than), stop short (of), прен. leave it at that 78. отива към 79. пет лева къде не са отишли what is five levs 80. правителството, което си отива the administration that is on the way out;the outgoing administration 81. работите не отиват добре things are in a sad state, things are getting worse 82. работите отиват добре things are going nicely/smoothly 83. сума пари отиват за... a lot of money goes on....

Български-английски речник > отивам
15 formular

v.

1 to formulate.

Ella prescribe un plan de inversión She prescribes an investment plan.

formular una pregunta to ask a question

formuló cuidadosamente su respuesta she phrased her reply carefully

2 to write formulas.

* * *

formular

► verbo transitivo

1 (una teoría) to formulate

2 (quejas, peticiones) to express, make; (deseo) to make; (pregunta) to ask

► verbo intransitivo

1 QUÍMICA to write formulae

* * *

verb

to formulate

* * *

VT [+ política, teoría] to formulate; [+ plan] to draw up; [+ pregunta] pose; [+ protesta] to make, lodge; [+ demanda] to file, put in; [+ deseo] to express

* * *

verbo transitivo

1) < queja> to make, lodge; < teoría> to formulate; < plan> to formulate, draw up

2) (Col) médico to prescribe

* * *

= formulate, frame, lay down, work out, articulate, phrase, word.

Ex. AACR and other recent cataloguing codes have been drafted upon the 'condition' approach to formulating cataloguing rules.

Ex. Now to consider the various stages in framing a document profile.

Ex. He was the son of a bricklayer who laid down as early as 1859 that 'the assistance of readers in their researches' is one of the duties that 'have daily to be provided for' in ordinary public libraries.

Ex. The details of how the assignment of numbers by authorized agencies would be controlled have yet to be worked out.

Ex. From time to time librarians do catch a fleeting glimpse of how others see them when some journalist or academic does articulate this widespread phobia.

Ex. The enquiry phrased in very broad terms almost always needs narrowing down.

Ex. Research questionnaires should therefore be worded carefully while avoiding the use of the broad term.

----

* formular cargos contra = bring + charges against.

* formular cargos contra Alguien = press + charges.

* formular una ecuación de búsqueda = formulate + search strategy.

* formular una estrategia = formulate + strategy.

* formular una política = frame + policy.

* formular una pregunta = articulate + question, formulate + question, frame + question.

* formular una propuesta = formulate + proposal.

* formular una regla = frame + rule.

* formular un argumento = advance + argument, put forward + argument.

* formular un principio = formulate + principle.

* * *

verbo transitivo

1) < queja> to make, lodge; < teoría> to formulate; < plan> to formulate, draw up

2) (Col) médico to prescribe

* * *

= formulate, frame, lay down, work out, articulate, phrase, word.

Ex: AACR and other recent cataloguing codes have been drafted upon the 'condition' approach to formulating cataloguing rules.

Ex: Now to consider the various stages in framing a document profile.

Ex: He was the son of a bricklayer who laid down as early as 1859 that 'the assistance of readers in their researches' is one of the duties that 'have daily to be provided for' in ordinary public libraries.

Ex: The details of how the assignment of numbers by authorized agencies would be controlled have yet to be worked out.

Ex: From time to time librarians do catch a fleeting glimpse of how others see them when some journalist or academic does articulate this widespread phobia.

Ex: The enquiry phrased in very broad terms almost always needs narrowing down.

Ex: Research questionnaires should therefore be worded carefully while avoiding the use of the broad term.

* formular cargos contra = bring + charges against.

* formular cargos contra Alguien = press + charges.

* formular una ecuación de búsqueda = formulate + search strategy.

* formular una estrategia = formulate + strategy.

* formular una política = frame + policy.

* formular una pregunta = articulate + question, formulate + question, frame + question.

* formular una propuesta = formulate + proposal.

* formular una regla = frame + rule.

* formular un argumento = advance + argument, put forward + argument.

* formular un principio = formulate + principle.

* * *

formular [A1 ]

vt

A ‹queja› to make, lodge; ‹teoría› to formulate; ‹plan› to formulate, draw up

la manera en que formuló la pregunta the way in which he asked o framed o formulated the question

formulé una denuncia contra ellos I reported them

B ( Col) «médico» to prescribe

* * *

formular ( conjugate formular) verbo transitivo
1 ‹ queja› to make, lodge;
‹teoría/plan› to formulate
2 (Col) [ médico] to prescribe
formular verbo transitivo
1 (expresar una teoría, ley) to formulate
2 (expresar algo con claridad) to formulate: la pregunta estaba mal formulada, the question was formulated wrongly
(una pregunta) to ask
(un deseo) to express
' formular' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
deseo
- hacer
English:
enunciate
- formulate
- frame
- phrase
- reword
- unasked
- word
- charge
- raise

* * *

formular

♦ vt

1. [solicitud] to make;
[reclamación] to make, to lodge;
formular una pregunta to ask a question;

formular un deseo to express a wish;

formuló cuidadosamente su respuesta she phrased her reply carefully;

formular graves cargos contra alguien to bring serious charges against sb;

los que formulan la política del gobierno the government's policy makers

2. [con números] to formulate

3. Col [receta] to prescribe

♦ vi

to write formulae

* * *

formular

v/t teoría formulate; queja make, lodge

* * *

formular vt

1) : to formulate, to draw up

2) : to make, to lodge (a protest or complaint)

Spanish-English dictionary > formular
16 soccorso

1. past part vedere soccorrere

2. m rescue

venire in soccorso a qualcuno come to someone's rescue

pronto soccorso first aid

soccorso stradale breakdown service, AE wrecking service

segnale m di soccorso distress signal

* * *

soccorso s.m.

1 help, aid; ( assistenza) assistance, relief; ( salvataggio) rescue: invocazione di soccorso, call for help; andare in soccorso di qlcu., to go to s.o.'s rescue; domandare soccorso, to ask for help; portare soccorso, to bring help; organizzare i soccorsi, to organize relief (o aid); lavori di soccorso, rescue work // uscita di soccorso, emergency door (o emergency exit) // soccorso aereo, navale, air, sea rescue // soccorso stradale, breakdown service // (mar.): soccorso a una nave, salvage of a ship; operazione di soccorso, salvage operation // (dir.) omissione di soccorso, failure to rescue

2 (med.) aid: primo soccorso, first aid; ( posto di) pronto soccorso, first aid (station): farsi medicare al pronto soccorso, to get treated at a first aid station; prestare i primi soccorsi a un ferito, to give first aid to an injured person

3 ( rinforzo) reinforcement: andare in soccorso di un battaglione, una nave, to go in support of a battalion, of a ship; attendere i soccorsi, to wait for reinforcements

4 ( sovvenzione) (financial) assistance: soccorso in denaro, financial aid; fondo di soccorso, relief fund // società di mutuo soccorso, mutual aid (o friendly) society.

* * *
[sok'korso] soccorso (-a)
1. pp

See:

soccorrere

2. sm

(gen) help, assistance, aid, (di vittime di terremoto ecc) rescue

organizzare soccorsi per i terremotati — to organize relief o aid for the earthquake victims

prestare soccorso a qn — to help o assist sb

nessuno si è fermato a prestare soccorso — nobody stopped to help

venire in soccorso di qn — to help sb, come to sb's aid

operazioni di soccorso — rescue operations

omissione di soccorso — failure to offer assistance

pronto soccorso — (assistenza) first aid, (reparto) casualty

- soccorso stradale

* * *
[sok'korso] 1.
sostantivo maschile

1) (aiuto) help, aid, relief, rescue

richiesta di soccorso — cry for help, distress call

prestare o portare soccorso a qcn. to help o rescue sb.; andare, venire in soccorso di qcn. to go, come to sb.'s aid; di soccorso [squadra, operazioni] rescue attrib.; società di mutuo soccorso friendly society BE, benefit association AE; omissione di soccorso — failure to (stop and) offer assistance

2) med.

pronto soccorso — first aid; (reparto) emergency ward
2.
sostantivo maschile plurale soccorsi

1) (soccorritori) rescuers, rescue team sing.

attendere i -i — to wait for rescue

2) (viveri, medicine) relief supplies

inviare -i — to send relief; (aiuti)

prestare i primi -i a qcn. — to give sb. first aid

•

soccorso stradale — road o recovery service

* * *

soccorso

/sok'korso/

I sostantivo m.

1 (aiuto) help, aid, relief, rescue; richiesta di soccorso cry for help, distress call; prestare o portare soccorso a qcn. to help o rescue sb.; andare, venire in soccorso di qcn. to go, come to sb.'s aid; di soccorso [squadra, operazioni] rescue attrib.; società di mutuo soccorso friendly society BE, benefit association AE; omissione di soccorso failure to (stop and) offer assistance

2 med. pronto soccorso first aid; (reparto) emergency ward

II soccorsi m.pl.

1 (soccorritori) rescuers, rescue team sing.; attendere i -i to wait for rescue

2 (viveri, medicine) relief supplies; inviare -i to send relief; (aiuti) prestare i primi -i a qcn. to give sb. first aid

COMPOUNDS

soccorso stradale road o recovery service.

Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > soccorso
17 ir en contra de

(v.) = contravene, fly in + the face of, go against, militate against, stand in + contrast to, tell against, be at odds with, work at + cross purposes, be at cross purposes, turn against, play against, be contrary to, run up against, work against, set against, run + counter to, run + contrary to, be at loggerheads with, argue against, stand in + sharp contrast to, speak against, run + afoul of, fall + afoul of

Ex. Any mis-spellings, poor grammar and verbose phrasing and any other features that contravene good abstracting practice must be eliminated.

Ex. If a planned activity flies in the face of human nature, its success will be only as great as the non-human factors can ensure.

Ex. But since the project, development have largely gone against it, with many libraries installing their own data systems.

Ex. Local interpretations of the rules, and modifications to suit local circumstances, certainly militate against standard records.

Ex. To sum it up, ISBD stands in sharp contrast to the ideal of concise and clear entries followed by the founders of Anglo-American cataloging.

Ex. What factors told against them?.

Ex. These activities may also be at odds with processes routinely applied across the board, such as lamination.

Ex. Libraries in developing countries may represent part of an alien cultural package, an importation ill suited to the country's needs, even working at cross purposes to the people's interests.

Ex. These two functions of the library have often been at cross purposes to one another, because each has been associated with a conflicting view of the kind and amount of assistance to be offered to the reader.

Ex. By imposing a ban one is only likely to set up antagonism and frustration which will turn against the very thing we are trying to encourage.

Ex. For me a picture of myself in a dentist's waiting room is a perfect metaphor for set and setting very much in play against the easily obtained pleasures I usually get from reading.

Ex. This is a rather unexpected conclusion, and is of course contrary to most of what has been stated in this text; it is also contrary to the experience of large numbers of librarians, who have found that controlled vocabularies are helpful in practice.

Ex. Some of the information from the EEC Government in Brussels is provided off the record, which sometimes runs up against the UK Government's wall of secrecy.

Ex. Which means we must create a reading environment that helps and encourages reading rather than works against it.

Ex. Classes of children can sometimes prove to be stubbornly set against having anything to do with book introductions, and it is better then to engage them in other activities rather than be doggedly determined to have one's own way and to go on in the face of their antagonism.

Ex. Unfortunately the Library of Congress still has a policy which runs counter to this need.

Ex. This runs contrary to earlier user studies, particularly those of scientists and engineers, which concluded that perceived source accessibility was the overwhelming factor in source selection.

Ex. Sharp of tongue, Watterston was often at loggerheads with the authorities, particularly the Joint Library Committee.

Ex. Some teachers argue against book clubs, claiming that they bring together only a certain kind of avid reader, the literary equivalent of the religiously effete and over-pious.

Ex. To sum it up, ISBD stands in sharp contrast to the ideal of concise and clear entries followed by the founders of Anglo-American cataloging.

Ex. As a result public libraries came into disrepute and even today authorities speak against them.

Ex. Unfortunately for them, this approach runs afoul of Iraqi tribal customs since they are, reportedly, endogamous with respect to tribe.

Ex. As some of her prophecies came true, she fell afoul of the authorities and was arrested by the Holy Order.

* * *

(v.) = contravene, fly in + the face of, go against, militate against, stand in + contrast to, tell against, be at odds with, work at + cross purposes, be at cross purposes, turn against, play against, be contrary to, run up against, work against, set against, run + counter to, run + contrary to, be at loggerheads with, argue against, stand in + sharp contrast to, speak against, run + afoul of, fall + afoul of

Ex: Any mis-spellings, poor grammar and verbose phrasing and any other features that contravene good abstracting practice must be eliminated.

Ex: If a planned activity flies in the face of human nature, its success will be only as great as the non-human factors can ensure.

Ex: But since the project, development have largely gone against it, with many libraries installing their own data systems.

Ex: Local interpretations of the rules, and modifications to suit local circumstances, certainly militate against standard records.

Ex: To sum it up, ISBD stands in sharp contrast to the ideal of concise and clear entries followed by the founders of Anglo-American cataloging.

Ex: What factors told against them?.

Ex: These activities may also be at odds with processes routinely applied across the board, such as lamination.

Ex: Libraries in developing countries may represent part of an alien cultural package, an importation ill suited to the country's needs, even working at cross purposes to the people's interests.

Ex: These two functions of the library have often been at cross purposes to one another, because each has been associated with a conflicting view of the kind and amount of assistance to be offered to the reader.

Ex: By imposing a ban one is only likely to set up antagonism and frustration which will turn against the very thing we are trying to encourage.

Ex: For me a picture of myself in a dentist's waiting room is a perfect metaphor for set and setting very much in play against the easily obtained pleasures I usually get from reading.

Ex: This is a rather unexpected conclusion, and is of course contrary to most of what has been stated in this text; it is also contrary to the experience of large numbers of librarians, who have found that controlled vocabularies are helpful in practice.

Ex: Some of the information from the EEC Government in Brussels is provided off the record, which sometimes runs up against the UK Government's wall of secrecy.

Ex: Which means we must create a reading environment that helps and encourages reading rather than works against it.

Ex: Classes of children can sometimes prove to be stubbornly set against having anything to do with book introductions, and it is better then to engage them in other activities rather than be doggedly determined to have one's own way and to go on in the face of their antagonism.

Ex: Unfortunately the Library of Congress still has a policy which runs counter to this need.

Ex: This runs contrary to earlier user studies, particularly those of scientists and engineers, which concluded that perceived source accessibility was the overwhelming factor in source selection.

Ex: Sharp of tongue, Watterston was often at loggerheads with the authorities, particularly the Joint Library Committee.

Ex: Some teachers argue against book clubs, claiming that they bring together only a certain kind of avid reader, the literary equivalent of the religiously effete and over-pious.

Ex: To sum it up, ISBD stands in sharp contrast to the ideal of concise and clear entries followed by the founders of Anglo-American cataloging.

Ex: As a result public libraries came into disrepute and even today authorities speak against them.

Ex: Unfortunately for them, this approach runs afoul of Iraqi tribal customs since they are, reportedly, endogamous with respect to tribe.

Ex: As some of her prophecies came true, she fell afoul of the authorities and was arrested by the Holy Order.

Spanish-English dictionary > ir en contra de
18 servir

v.

1 to serve.

¿te sirvo más patatas? would you like some more potatoes?

¿me sirve un poco más, por favor? could I have a bit more, please?

¿en qué puedo servirle? what can I do for you?

la polémica está servida the gloves are off

La ley sirve su propósito The law serves its purpose..

No servimos a los menores de edad We do not serve kids under age.

Este lugar sirve buen pescado This restaurant serves good fish.

María sirvió y llamó a comer Mary served and called us to eat.

Esto sirve This serves.

2 to serve (prestar servicio).

servir en el Ejército to serve in the Army

3 to be in service (como criado).

4 to suit someone's purposes, to suit, to serve someone's purposes.

El estante sirve The shelf suits one's purposes.

5 to serve the ball.

El tenista sirvió The tennis player served the ball.

6 to be useful for.

Este sistema me sirve This system is useful for me.

7 to process, to fill.

El chico sirve la órden de compra The boy processes the purchase order.

* * *

SERVIR

CONJUGACIÓN

(e weakens to i in certain persons of certain tenses)

Present Indicative

sirvo, sirves, sirve, servimos, servís, sirven.

Past Indicative

serví, serviste, sirvió, servimos, servisteis, sirvieron.

Present Subjunctive

sirva, sirvas, sirva, sirvamos, sirváis, sirvan.

Imperfect Subjunctive

sirviera, sirvieras, sirviera, sirviéramos, sirvierais, sirvieran;

sirviese, sirvieses, sirviese, sirviésemos, sirvieseis, sirviesen.

Future Subjunctive

sirviere, sirvieres, sirviere, sirviéremos, sirviereis, sirvieren.

Imperative

sirve (tú), sirva (él/Vd.), sirvamos (nos.), servid (vos.), sirvan (ellos/Vds.).

* * *

verb

1) to serve

2) be of use

3) work

•

- servirse
- servirse de
* * *

1. VT

1) [+ persona, intereses, causa] to serve

seguiré sirviendo al pueblo — I will continue to serve the people

están sirviendo a su interés personal — they are furthering o serving their own interests

servir a Dios — to serve God

servir a la patria — to serve one's country

¿en qué puedo servirle? — how can I help you?

- para servirle

- no se puede servir a Dios y al diablo

2) [para comer]

a) [en la mesa] [+ comida] to serve; [+ bebida] to serve, pour

¿a qué hora sirven el desayuno? — what time is breakfast served?

se negaron a servirnos — they refused to serve us

¿me ayudas a servir la mesa? — can you help me serve (the food)?

la cena está servida — dinner's on the table, dinner is served frm

¿te sirvo un poco más? — would you like some more?, can I give you some more?

había cinco criados para servir la mesa — there were five servants waiting at o serving at table

b) (=proporcionar) to give, serve frm

ese día sirven una comida especial a la tropa — the troops are given o frm served a special meal that day

sirvieron unos canapés tras la inauguración — after the opening ceremony there were canapés, canapés were served after the opening ceremony frm

3) (Com) [+ pedido] to process

4) (Tenis) to serve

5) (Mec) [+ máquina, cañón] to man

6) (Naipes) [+ cartas] to deal

2. VI

1) (=ser útil) to be useful

todavía puede servir — it might still be useful

este mismo me servirá — this one will do

siempre que lo he necesitado me ha servido — whenever I've needed it, it's done the job

• eso no sirve — that's no good o use

este sistema ya no sirve — this system is no good o use any more

ya no me sirve — it's no good o use to me now

la distinción entre derechas e izquierdas ya no sirve — the distinction between right and left is no longer valid

• servir para algo, puede servir para limpiar el metal — it can be used for o it is suitable for cleaning metal

¿para qué sirve? — what is it for?

¿para qué sirve este aparato? — what's this gadget for?

la nueva normativa solo ha servido para crear polémica — the new regulation has only served to stir up controversy frm, the only thing the new rule has done is to stir up controversy

el acuerdo no ha servido para alcanzar la paz — the agreement has not succeeded in achieving peace

esta huelga no está sirviendo para nada — this strike is not achieving anything

no sirves para nada — you're completely useless

yo no serviría para médico — I'd be no good as a doctor

2)

• servir de algo, la legislación italiana puede servirnos de guía — we can use Italian law as a guide, Italian law can serve a guide

servir de ejemplo a algn — to be an example to sb

esa experiencia le ha servido de lección — that experience taught him a lesson

por si sirve de algo — in case that's any use

• no sirve de nada quejarse — it's no good o use complaining, there's no point in complaining

no sirve de nada que vaya él — it's no good o use him going *, there's no point in him going

• ¿de qué sirve mentir? — what's the good o use of lying?, what's the point in lying?
precedente 2.
3) [en el servicio doméstico] to work as a servant

estuvo sirviendo en Madrid — she was a servant in Madrid

• ponerse a servir — to become a servant

4) [camarero] to serve

vete a servir en la barra — go and serve at the bar

5) (Mil) to serve frm

yo serví en la Marina — I was in the Navy, I served in the Navy frm

está sirviendo — he's doing his military service

6) (Tenis) to serve

7) (Naipes) (tb: servir del palo) to follow suit

3.

See:

servirse

* * *
1.
verbo intransitivo

1) ( ser útil)

esta caja no sirve — this box won't do o is no good

tíralo, ya no me sirve — throw it away, it's (of) no use to me anymore

servir para algo: ¿para qué sirve este aparato? what's this device for?; no lo tires, puede servir para algo don't throw it away, it might come in useful for something; este cuchillo no sirve para cortar pan this knife is no good for cutting bread; no sirves para nada you're useless; no creo que sirva para este trabajo I don't think he's right o suitable for this job; yo no sirvo para mentir I'm a hopeless liar, I'm not good at lying; servir de algo: de nada sirve llorar it's no use o good crying; ¿de qué sirve hablarle si no te escucha? what's the point in o the use of talking to him if he doesn't listen to you?; esto te puede servir de mesa — you can use this as a table

2)

a) ( en la mesa) to serve

se sirve a los invitados primero — guests are served first

b) ( trabajar de criado) to be in (domestic) service

empezó a servir a los catorce años — she went into service at the age of fourteen

c) (Mil) to serve (frml)

3) (Dep) ( en tenis) to serve
2.
servir vt

1) < comida> to serve; < bebida> to serve, pour

servir la comida — to serve (out) o (colloq) dish out the food

la cena está servida — dinner is served

servir a temperatura ambiente — serve at room temperature

2)

a) ( estar al servicio de)

servir a algo/alguien — to serve something/somebody

se cree que todos la tienen que servir — she expects to be waited on hand and foot

¿en qué puedo servirle? — (frml) how can I help you?

para servirle — at your service

no se puede servir a Dios y al diablo — no man can serve two masters

b) (Com) < pedido> to process; < cliente> to serve; < mercancías> to send
3.
servirse v pron

1) (refl) < comida> to help oneself to; < bebida> to pour oneself, help oneself to

sírvete otro trozo — help yourself to another piece

2) (frml) ( hacer uso)

servirse de algo — to make use of something, use something

3) (frml) ( hacer el favor de)

servirse + inf: sírvase rellenar la solicitud please fill in the application form; les rogamos se sirvan enviarnos esta información — we would ask you to send us this information (frml)

* * *

= be of use, do, serve, do + the trick, host, dish out, serve up.

Ex. Libraries sometimes also find it useful to prepare leaflets which deal with a particular category of information source which might be of use to various users.

Ex. It needs a name, and, to coin one at random, 'memex' will do.

Ex. This broader consideration of descriptive cataloguing problems serves to set a context for the consideration of cataloguing problems associated with nonbook materials.

Ex. We are currently in the process of looking at two products that seem to do the trick.

Ex. Most computer bureaux which host the factual data bases have their own world-wide networks.

Ex. One has only to turn on the television to see that educated people still have little influence on the trash dished out to the uneducated masses.

Ex. A watering hole in Spain is serving up free beer and tapas to recession-weary customers who insult its bartenders as a way to let off steam.

----

* ¿para qué sirve... ? = what's the use of... ?.

* no servir de mucho = be little more than an interesting exercise.

* no servir de nada = be of no avail, be to no avail.

* no servir de nada que + Subjuntivo = no use + Ving.

* no servir para nada = be good for nothing, pissing into the wind, be of no avail, be to no avail, all + be for + naught.

* por si sirve de algo = for what it's worth [FWIW].

* servir a = be of service to.

* servir al mismo tiempo como = double up as.

* servir al mismo tiempo de = double as.

* servir a los usuarios = serve + patrons.

* servir a un público de = serve + a population of.

* servir como = serve as.

* servir de apoyo a = inform.

* servir de ayuda = be of assistance.

* servir de catalizador = serve as + a catalyst.

* servir de contrapeso = counterpoise.

* servir de experiencia = chart + the waters.

* servir de factor de predicción de = be predictive of.

* servir de guía = carry + the torch.

* servir de introducción = set + the backdrop, set + the framework, set + the context.

* servir de introducción a = provide + a background to.

* servir de modelo = serve as + a model.

* servir de poco = be of little use.

* servir de poco o nada = be of little or no avail.

* servir de puente = act as + a bridge.

* servir de puente entre = serve as + a bridge between.

* servir de punto de partida = point + the way to.

* servir de telón de fondo = set + the backdrop.

* servir los intereses = serve + interests.

* servir muy bien = take + Nombre + a long way.

* servir para = be instrumental in/to.

* servir para nada = count + for nothing.

* servir repetidamente = ply + Nombre + with + Bebida.

* servirse = help + Reflexivo.

* servirse de la experiencia = draw on/upon + background.

* servirse de la experiencia de = draw on/upon + experience of.

* servirse de la formación de Uno = draw on/upon + background.

* servir una Bebida = pour + Bebida.

* servir un documento = deliver + document.

* servir un fin = serve + end.

* servir un pedido = fulfil + order, fill + order.

* utensilio para servir = serving utensil.

* * *
1.
verbo intransitivo

1) ( ser útil)

esta caja no sirve — this box won't do o is no good

tíralo, ya no me sirve — throw it away, it's (of) no use to me anymore

servir para algo: ¿para qué sirve este aparato? what's this device for?; no lo tires, puede servir para algo don't throw it away, it might come in useful for something; este cuchillo no sirve para cortar pan this knife is no good for cutting bread; no sirves para nada you're useless; no creo que sirva para este trabajo I don't think he's right o suitable for this job; yo no sirvo para mentir I'm a hopeless liar, I'm not good at lying; servir de algo: de nada sirve llorar it's no use o good crying; ¿de qué sirve hablarle si no te escucha? what's the point in o the use of talking to him if he doesn't listen to you?; esto te puede servir de mesa — you can use this as a table

2)

a) ( en la mesa) to serve

se sirve a los invitados primero — guests are served first

b) ( trabajar de criado) to be in (domestic) service

empezó a servir a los catorce años — she went into service at the age of fourteen

c) (Mil) to serve (frml)

3) (Dep) ( en tenis) to serve
2.
servir vt

1) < comida> to serve; < bebida> to serve, pour

servir la comida — to serve (out) o (colloq) dish out the food

la cena está servida — dinner is served

servir a temperatura ambiente — serve at room temperature

2)

a) ( estar al servicio de)

servir a algo/alguien — to serve something/somebody

se cree que todos la tienen que servir — she expects to be waited on hand and foot

¿en qué puedo servirle? — (frml) how can I help you?

para servirle — at your service

no se puede servir a Dios y al diablo — no man can serve two masters

b) (Com) < pedido> to process; < cliente> to serve; < mercancías> to send
3.
servirse v pron

1) (refl) < comida> to help oneself to; < bebida> to pour oneself, help oneself to

sírvete otro trozo — help yourself to another piece

2) (frml) ( hacer uso)

servirse de algo — to make use of something, use something

3) (frml) ( hacer el favor de)

servirse + inf: sírvase rellenar la solicitud please fill in the application form; les rogamos se sirvan enviarnos esta información — we would ask you to send us this information (frml)

* * *

= be of use, do, serve, do + the trick, host, dish out, serve up.

Ex: Libraries sometimes also find it useful to prepare leaflets which deal with a particular category of information source which might be of use to various users.

Ex: It needs a name, and, to coin one at random, 'memex' will do.

Ex: This broader consideration of descriptive cataloguing problems serves to set a context for the consideration of cataloguing problems associated with nonbook materials.

Ex: We are currently in the process of looking at two products that seem to do the trick.

Ex: Most computer bureaux which host the factual data bases have their own world-wide networks.

Ex: One has only to turn on the television to see that educated people still have little influence on the trash dished out to the uneducated masses.

Ex: A watering hole in Spain is serving up free beer and tapas to recession-weary customers who insult its bartenders as a way to let off steam.

* ¿para qué sirve... ? = what's the use of... ?.

* no servir de mucho = be little more than an interesting exercise.

* no servir de nada = be of no avail, be to no avail.

* no servir de nada que + Subjuntivo = no use + Ving.

* no servir para nada = be good for nothing, pissing into the wind, be of no avail, be to no avail, all + be for + naught.

* por si sirve de algo = for what it's worth [FWIW].

* servir a = be of service to.

* servir al mismo tiempo como = double up as.

* servir al mismo tiempo de = double as.

* servir a los usuarios = serve + patrons.

* servir a un público de = serve + a population of.

* servir como = serve as.

* servir de apoyo a = inform.

* servir de ayuda = be of assistance.

* servir de catalizador = serve as + a catalyst.

* servir de contrapeso = counterpoise.

* servir de experiencia = chart + the waters.

* servir de factor de predicción de = be predictive of.

* servir de guía = carry + the torch.

* servir de introducción = set + the backdrop, set + the framework, set + the context.

* servir de introducción a = provide + a background to.

* servir de modelo = serve as + a model.

* servir de poco = be of little use.

* servir de poco o nada = be of little or no avail.

* servir de puente = act as + a bridge.

* servir de puente entre = serve as + a bridge between.

* servir de punto de partida = point + the way to.

* servir de telón de fondo = set + the backdrop.

* servir los intereses = serve + interests.

* servir muy bien = take + Nombre + a long way.

* servir para = be instrumental in/to.

* servir para nada = count + for nothing.

* servir repetidamente = ply + Nombre + with + Bebida.

* servirse = help + Reflexivo.

* servirse de la experiencia = draw on/upon + background.

* servirse de la experiencia de = draw on/upon + experience of.

* servirse de la formación de Uno = draw on/upon + background.

* servir una Bebida = pour + Bebida.

* servir un documento = deliver + document.

* servir un fin = serve + end.

* servir un pedido = fulfil + order, fill + order.

* utensilio para servir = serving utensil.

* * *

servir [ I14 ]

vi

A

(ser útil): esta caja no sirve, trae una más grande this box won't do o is no good, can you bring a bigger one?

tíralo, ya no me sirve throw it away, it's (of) no use to me o it's no good to me any more

servir PARA algo:

¿para qué sirve este aparato? what's this device for?, what does this device do?

¿esto sirve para algo? is this any use?

no lo tires, puede servir para algo don't throw it away, it might come in useful for something

este cuchillo no sirve para cortar pan this knife is no good for cutting bread

no creo que sirva para este trabajo I don't think he's right o suitable for this job

yo no sirvo para mentir I'm a hopeless liar, I'm no good at lying

servir DE algo:

de nada sirve llorar/que me lo digas ahora it's no use o good crying/telling me now

¿de qué sirve hablarle si no te escucha? what's the point in o the use of talking to him if he doesn't listen to you?

esto te puede servir de manto para el disfraz you can use this as a cloak for your fancy dress costume

B

1 (en la mesa) to serve

en este restaurante no saben servir the service is very poor in this restaurant

se sirve a los invitados primero guests are served first

no esperes a que te sirva help yourself, don't wait

2 (trabajar de criado) to be in (domestic) service

empezó a servir a los catorce años she went into service at the age of fourteen

3 ( Mil) to serve ( frml)

sirvió en Infantería he was in o he served in the Infantry

C ( Dep) (en tenis) to serve

■ servir

vt

A ‹comida› to serve; ‹bebida› to serve, pour

los alumnos mayores ayudan a servir la comida the older pupils help serve o serve out o ( colloq) dish out the food

a mí no me sirvas salsa no sauce for me, thanks o I won't have any sauce, thank you

sírvele otro jerez a Pilar will you pour Pilar another sherry?

¿te sirvo un poco más de arroz? can I give you a little more rice?, can I help you to a little more rice?

la cena está servida dinner is served

servir frío/a temperatura ambiente serve cold/at room temperature

B

1 (estar al servicio de) servir A algo/algn to serve sth/sb

servir a la patria/la comunidad/Dios to serve one's country/the community/God

ella se sienta y espera que la sirvan she sits down and expects to be waited on

para servir a usted ( frml); at your service ( frml)

¿en qué puedo servirla? ( frml); how can I help you?

no se puede servir a dos señores or a Dios y al diablo no man can serve two masters

2 ( Com) ‹pedido› to process; ‹cliente› to serve; ‹mercancías› to send

serviremos el pedido a la mayor brevedad we will process your order as soon as possible

C ( Agr) to service

■ servirse

v pron

A ( refl) ‹comida› to help oneself to; ‹bebida› to pour oneself, help oneself to

sírvete otro trozo help yourself to another piece

B ( frml) (hacer uso) servirse DE algo to make use of sth, use sth

C ( frml) (hacer el favor de) servirse + INF:

si el señor se sirve firmar aquí … if you would be kind enough to o would care to sign here, Sir … ( frml)

sírvase rellenar la solicitud que se adjunta please fill in the enclosed application form

sírvase pasar por caja donde le harán efectivo el pago if you would like to go over to the cashier, they will give you the money

les rogamos se sirvan enviarnos esta información a la brevedad we would ask you to send us this information at your earliest convenience ( frml)

* * *

servir ( conjugate servir) verbo intransitivo
1 ( ser útil):
◊ esta caja no sirve this box won't do o is no good;

ya no me sirve it's (of) no use to me anymore;
¿para qué sirve este aparato? what's this device for?;
no lo tires, puede servir para algo don't throw it away, it might come in useful for something;
este cuchillo no sirve para cortar pan this knife is no good for cutting bread;
no sirves para nada you're useless;
no creo que sirva para este trabajo I don't think he's right o suitable for this job;
servir de algo: de nada sirve llorar it's no use o good crying;
¿de qué sirve? what's the point o the use?;
esto te puede servir de mesa you can use this as a table
2
a) ( en la mesa) to serve

b) ( trabajar de criado) to be in (domestic) service

c) (Mil) to serve (frml)

3 (Dep) ( en tenis) to serve
verbo transitivo
1 ‹ comida› to serve;
‹ bebida› to serve, pour
2 ( estar al servicio de) ‹persona/a la patria› to serve;
◊ ¿en qué puedo servirla? (frml) how can I help you?

servirse verbo pronominal ( refl) ‹ comida› to help oneself to;
‹ bebida› to pour oneself, help oneself to
servir
I verbo intransitivo
1 to serve
servir a la patria, to serve one's country
2 (ser útil) to be useful, be suitable: su fracaso no me sirve de consuelo, his failure is no consolation to me
el cine te servirá de distracción, the film will keep you amused
ahora ya no sirve para nada, it's no use at all
¿para qué sirve?, what is it (used) for?
3 (ropa, objetos) los pantalones ya no le sirven, the trousers don't fit him now
4 (tener capacidad) este muchacho sirve para estudiar, this boy is good at studying
5 (actuar como sustituto) esta cacerola me servirá de casco, this pot will serve as a helmet
II verbo transitivo
1 to serve
¿en qué puedo servirle?, what can I do for you? o may I help you?
2 (comida) to serve
(bebida) to pour
' servir' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
bar
- cafetera
- cuchara
- fuente
- pala
- carrito
- echar
- hacer
- helado
- huevera
- jarra
- jarro
- lechera
- panera
- poner
- servicio
- tetera
- valer
English:
act
- attend
- disagree
- dish
- dish out
- dish up
- do
- fix
- help
- off-chance
- pour
- pour out
- purpose
- rim
- serve
- serve out
- serve up
- server
- tablespoon
- venue
- wait
- wait on
- deterrent
- duty
- fat
- serving
- spatula
- table

* * *

servir

♦ vt

1. [comida, bebida] to serve;

todavía no nos han servido we haven't been served yet;

la cena se servirá o [m5] será servida a las ocho dinner will be served at eight;

sírvanos dos cervezas two beers, please;

¿te sirvo más patatas? would you like some more potatoes?;

¿me sirve un poco más, por favor? could I have a bit more, please?;

servir mesas Br to wait at table, US to wait tables;

la polémica está servida the gloves are off

2. [prestar servicio a] to serve;

¿en qué puedo servirle? [en tienda, mostrador] what can I do for you?;

servir a la patria/a Dios to serve one's country/God;
Formal
para servirle, para servir a usted [como respuesta] at your service

3. [suministrar] [mercancías] to supply;

le serviremos el pedido en el acto we'll bring you your order immediately;

nuestra empresa sirve a toda la zona our company serves o supplies the whole area

4.
voy servido [en naipes] stick, I'm sticking;
Fig [tengo de sobra] I've got plenty
♦ vi

1. [prestar servicio] to serve;

sirvió de ministro en el gobierno socialista he served as o was a minister in the socialist government;

servir en el ejército to serve in the Army

2. [valer, ser útil]
esta batidora ya no sirve/aún sirve this mixer is no good any more/can still be used;

esta mesa no me sirve, necesito una mayor this table's no good o use to me, I need a bigger one;

servir de algo [cumplir la función de] to serve as sth;

el desván le sirve de oficina he uses the attic as an office, the attic serves as his office;

la radio me servía de distracción the radio kept me entertained o served to entertain me;

servir de guía to act as a guide;

servir para [utensilio, máquina, objeto] to be for;

¿para qué sirve esto? what's this for?;

este líquido sirve para limpiar la plata this liquid is for cleaning silver;

¿te sirven estos papeles para algo? are these papers any use to you?;

este pegamento no sirve para la madera this glue is no good for wood;

yo no serviría para sacerdote I wouldn't be any good as a priest;

no sirve para estudiar he's no good at studying;

no servir de o [m5] para nada to be useless;

nuestro esfuerzo no sirvió de o [m5] para nada our effort was in vain;

de nada sirve que se lo digas it's no use telling him;

¿de qué sirve quejarse si no nos hacen caso? what's the point in o what's the good of complaining if they never take any notice of us?

3. [como criado] to be in service;

tuvo que ponerse a servir she had to go into service;

servir en palacio/en una casa to be a servant at a palace/in a household

4. [en tenis, squash] to serve

♦ See also the pronominal verb servirse

* * *

servir

I v/t serve;

¿le sirven ya? are you being served?;

¿en qué puedo servirle? what can I do for you?;

¡para servirle! at your service!

II v/i

1 be of use;

servir de serve as;

esta habitación sirve de trastero we use this room as a junk room;

servir para be (used) for;

¿para qué sirve esto? what is this (used) for?;

no servir de nada be no use at all

2 MIL, DEP serve

3 fig

:

ir servido fam have another think coming

* * *

servir {54} vt

1) : to serve, to be of use to

2) : to serve, to wait

3) surtir: to fill (an order)

servir vi

1) : to work

mi radio no sirve: my radio isn't working

2) : to be of use, to be helpful

esa computadora no sirve para nada: that computer's perfectly useless

♦ See also the reflexive verb servirse

* * *

servir vb

1. (atender, poner comida) to serve

la dependienta que me sirvió the assistant who served me

¿ya le sirven? are you being served?

2. (poner bebida) to pour

¿sirvo yo? shall I pour?

3. (trabajar) to serve / to work

se puso a servir en una familia rica she began working for a rich family

sirve en el ejército he's in the army

4. (en tenis) to serve

5. (hacer las veces) to serve

el cuchillo me sirvió de destornillador the knife served as a screwdriver

6. (ser útil) to be useful

el inglés te servirá de mucho para viajar English will be very useful for travelling

7. (valer) to do

creo que esta caja servirá I think this box will do

8. (emplearse) to be for

esta máquina sirve para picar carne this machine is for mincing meat

¿para qué sirve esto? what's this for?

9. (ser apto) to be good

es evidente que sirves para los negocios it's obvious that you're good at business

no sirvo para ser actor I'm no good at acting

Spanish-English dictionary > servir
19 demandar

v.

1 to ask for, to seek.

2 to demand, to ask for, to claim, to request.

Ella demanda atención She demands attention.

Ella demandó ayuda She called for assistance.

3 to sue, to file a claim, to bring a lawsuit, to file a charge.

Ricardo demandó sin demora Richard sued quickly.

Ricardo demandó a María Richard sued Mary.

4 to require, to require to, to entail, to entail to.

La necesidad demanda proceder Need requires proceeding.

* * *

demandar

► verbo transitivo

1 (pedir) to request, ask for; (desear) to desire

■ los lectores demandaban nuevas aventuras the readers asked for new adventures

2 DERECHO to sue

* * *

verb

1) to sue

2) sue, file a lawsuit

3) call for

* * *

VT

1) (=exigir) to demand

2) (Jur) to sue, file a lawsuit against

demandó al periódico por difamación — he sued the paper for libel

demandar a algn por daños y perjuicios — to sue sb for damages

* * *

verbo transitivo

1) (Der) to sue

lo demandé por daños y perjuicios — I sued him for damages

2) (AmL) ( requerir) to require

un trabajo que demanda mucha dedicación — a job which requires great dedication

* * *

= demand, sue, clamour for [clamor, -USA], bring + a suit against, take + legal action, take + legal proceedings, exact.

Ex. The other part of the picture reveals title indexes to be only crude subject indexes, which for effective use demand imagination and searching skills on the part of the user.

Ex. Given the increasing frequency frequency of lawsuits brought against all kinds of institutions and individuals, libraries and librarians should not assume that they are immune against being sued.

Ex. I've seen people clamor for a say and when it's given to them they don't take it.

Ex. How does one bring a harassment suit against one's employer?.

Ex. If the law is not complied with the individual could take legal action.

Ex. The article 'Publishers go for the jugular over copyright' examines the activities of the American Association of Publishers (AAP) in taking legal proceedings against libraries on copyright grounds and in enforcing payment for photocopying periodical articles.

Ex. Every time the monarch came to parliament to pass a new tax bill, the parliament obliged only after exacting more liberty from him.

----

* demandar cada vez más enérgicamente = build + pressure.

* demandar mucho esfuerzo por parte de Alguien = tax + Posesivo + imagination.

* demandar por daños y perjuicios = sue for + damage.

* * *

verbo transitivo

1) (Der) to sue

lo demandé por daños y perjuicios — I sued him for damages

2) (AmL) ( requerir) to require

un trabajo que demanda mucha dedicación — a job which requires great dedication

* * *

= demand, sue, clamour for [clamor, -USA], bring + a suit against, take + legal action, take + legal proceedings, exact.

Ex: The other part of the picture reveals title indexes to be only crude subject indexes, which for effective use demand imagination and searching skills on the part of the user.

Ex: Given the increasing frequency frequency of lawsuits brought against all kinds of institutions and individuals, libraries and librarians should not assume that they are immune against being sued.

Ex: I've seen people clamor for a say and when it's given to them they don't take it.

Ex: How does one bring a harassment suit against one's employer?.

Ex: If the law is not complied with the individual could take legal action.

Ex: The article 'Publishers go for the jugular over copyright' examines the activities of the American Association of Publishers (AAP) in taking legal proceedings against libraries on copyright grounds and in enforcing payment for photocopying periodical articles.

Ex: Every time the monarch came to parliament to pass a new tax bill, the parliament obliged only after exacting more liberty from him.

* demandar cada vez más enérgicamente = build + pressure.

* demandar mucho esfuerzo por parte de Alguien = tax + Posesivo + imagination.

* demandar por daños y perjuicios = sue for + damage.

* * *

demandar [A1 ]

vt

A ( Der) to sue

lo demandé por daños y perjuicios I sued him o I brought a lawsuit against him for damages

B

1 (pedir, exigir) to demand

que Dios y la Patria me lo demanden ( frml); ≈ so help me God ( formula used in certain oaths)

2 ( AmL) (requerir) to require

un trabajo que demanda mucha dedicación a job which calls for o requires great dedication

* * *

demandar ( conjugate demandar) verbo transitivo
1 (Der) to sue
2 (AmL) ( requerir) to require
demandar verbo transitivo
1 Jur to sue
2 (pedir) to demand
' demandar' also found in these entries:
English:
action
- court
- sue

* * *

demandar vt

1. [legalmente]
demandar a alguien (por) to sue sb (for);

demandar a alguien por daños y perjuicios to sue sb for damages;

demandar a alguien por difamación to sue sb for libel;

los demandaremos ante el juez we'll take them to court

2. [pedir, requerir] to ask for, to seek;

los sindicatos demandan una mejora salarial the unions are demanding a wage rise;

este deporte demanda mucha disciplina this sport calls for o requires a lot of discipline

* * *

demandar

v/t JUR sue

* * *

demandar vt

1) : to demand

2) requerir: to call for, to require

3) : to sue, to file a lawsuit against

Spanish-English dictionary > demandar
20 ad-ferō (aff-)

ad-ferō (aff-) attulī (adt-), adlātus (all-), adferre (aff-), to bring, fetch, carry, convey, take, deliver: magnam partem ad te, T.: scyphos ad praetorem: Curio pondus auri: nuntium ei: donum in Capitolium: litterae ab urbe adlatae, L.: litteras a patre: huc scyphos, H.: adfertur muraena in patinā, is served, H.: peditem alvo, V.: ad consules lecticā adfertur, L.—Poet., of a person: te qui vivum casūs attulerint, V. — Esp., with pron reflex., to betake oneself, go, come: huc te adfers, V.: urbem Adferimur, V.: te verus mihi nuntius adfers? i. e. present yourself in your true person, V.—Adferre manūs, to lay on, use force, do violence: pro se quisque manūs adfert, defends himself forcibly.—Freq. with dat, to lay hands on, attack, assail: domino: pastoribus vim et manūs. —With dat. of thing, to do violence to, i. e. rob, plunder, pillage: templo: eis rebus. — Fig., to bring, introduce, carry, convey to, apply, employ, use, exert, exercise: genus sermonum adfert exile, i. e. employs: quod ad amicitiam populi R. adtulissent, i. e. had enjoyed before the alliance, Cs.: in re militari nova, i. e. to reorganize the army, N.: non minus ad dicendum auctoritatis, quam, etc.: auctoritatem in iudicium, exercise: bellum in patriam, O.: Iris alimenta nubibus adfert, brings, O. —Esp., vim alicui, to employ force against, compel: ut filiae suae vis adferretur, compulsion: praesidio armato, attack, L.—To bring tidings, bring word, carry news, report, announce: haud vana adtulere, L.: ad Scipionem perductus, quid adferret, expromit, explains what news he brought, L.: calamitatem ad aurīs imperatoris: subito adlatum periculum patriae: inimico nuntium, notify: ad illam attulisse se aurum quaerere: attulerunt quieta omnia esse, L.: rebellasse Etruscos adlatum est, L.: calamitas tanta fuit, ut eam non ex proelio nuntius adferret.—To carry, produce, cause, occasion, impart, render, give: agri plus adferunt quam acceperunt: detrimentum, Cs.: vobis populoque R. pacem: suspicionem multis: parricidae aliquid decoris, to lend lustre: difficultatem ad consilium capiendum, Cs.: aliquid melius, suggest: aliquid oratoriae laudis, attain: quod iniquitas loci adtulisset, i. e. the consequences, Cs.: tempus conloquio non dare magnam pacis desperationem adferebat, Cs.: natura adfert ut eis faveamus, etc., brings it about: (id) volvenda dies attulit, V. — To bring forward, allege, assign: causam, T.: nihil adferunt, qui negant, etc., say nothing to the point: rationes cur hoc ita sit: aetatem, to plead in excuse: cur credam adferre possum. — Aliquid, to contribute, help, assist, be of use: nihil ad communem fructum: vide si quid opis potest adferre huic, T.: precibus aliquid attulimus etiam nos, have been of some assistance by.

Latin-English dictionary > ad-ferō (aff-)

Страницы

См. также в других словарях:

International Security Assistance Force — ISAF redirects here. For the sailing body, see International Sailing Federation. For other uses, see ISAF (disambiguation) International Security Assistance Force Logo of ISAF. Active … Wikipedia
Vietnam Assistance for the Handicapped — (VNAH) is a non profit organization established to help war amputees and other disabled people in Vietnam. It was founded by a Vietnamese American Ca Van Tran in 1991 and based in Virginia [http://www.america.gov/st/washfile… … Wikipedia
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program — SNAP logo The United States Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP),[1] historically and commonly known as the Food Stamp Program, is a federal assistance program that provides assistance to low and no income people … Wikipedia
Post-9/11 Veterans Educational Assistance Act of 2008 — The Post 9/11 Veterans Educational Assistance Act of 2008 is Title V of the Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2008, USBill|110|HR|2642 , an Act of Congress which became law on June 30, 2008. [http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2008/06/200806… … Wikipedia
Mobility assistance dog — A mobility assistance dog is a service dog trained to assist a physically disabled person. Among other tasks, they are commonly trained to pick up objects, open and close doors, and operate light switches. Some larger statured dogs are trained to … Wikipedia
Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act — The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (Stafford Act) (Public Law 100 707) is a United States federal law designed to bring an orderly and systemic means of federal natural disaster assistance for state and local… … Wikipedia
Allegations of CIA assistance to Osama bin Laden — Claims have been made that the American government, and in particular the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), are responsible for enabling Afghan Arabs, and in particular Osama bin Laden s al Qaeda. Following the 1979 invasion of Afghanistan by… … Wikipedia
Commission for Assistance to a Free Cuba — Condoleezza Rice convenes a meeting of the Commission in December 2005 The United States Commission for Assistance to a Free Cuba (CAFC) was created by United States President George W. Bush on October 10, 2003. Contents … Wikipedia
Neighborhood Assistance Corporation of America — NACA (Neighborhood Assistance Corporation of America) is a Boston based, national, HUD Certified, non profit, community advocacy organization. NACA’s goal is to build healthy neighborhoods nationwide through affordable home ownership. It was… … Wikipedia
writ of assistance — Writs of Assistance exist to enforce judgment of court directing specific act. Matter of Lease Cancellation of Smith, 68 Hawaii 466, 719 P.2d 397, 401. An equitable remedy normally used to transfer real property, the title of which has been… … Black's law dictionary
national assistance — noun benefits paid to bring incomes up to minimum levels established by law • Syn: ↑supplementary benefit, ↑social assistance • Regions: ↑United Kingdom, ↑UK, ↑U.K., ↑Britain, ↑United … Useful english dictionary

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: со всех языков на все языки

bring assistance

См. также в других словарях:

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: со всех языков на все языки

bring assistance

См. также в других словарях:

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка: